Working Together To Safeguard Children Social Work Essay Essay Example

Working Together To Safeguard Children Social Work Essay Essay Working Together to Safeguard Children ( 2006 ) sets out the procedure which should underpin initial questions under subdivision 47 of the Children Act, 1989. Social Workers are required to move in conformity with the General Social Care Council s Code of Practice for Social Care Workers ( 2002 ) . Critically measure how these two paperss impact on the function of the Social Worker transporting out an initial question. For the intent of this assignment I will concentrate on the publication Working Together to Safeguard Children ( 2006 ) and the General Social Care Council s Code of Practice for Social Care Workers ( 2005 ) to critically measure and research how they impact upon the function of the societal worker whilst transporting out initial questions. The societal work profession promotes societal alteration, job resolution in human relationships and the authorization and release of people to heighten good being, using theories of human behavior and societal systems. Social work intervenes at the points where people interact with their environments. Principles of human rights and societal justness are cardinal to societal work ( International Association of schools of societal work and international Federation of Social Workers 2001 ) . Social workers act as negotiants between the single service user and the wider society in order to help the person with the jobs they are confronting. This is performed by professionals using theories, their ain values and beliefs of human behavior and societal systems ( International Association of schools of societal work and international Federation of Social Workers 2001 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Working Together To Safeguard Children Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Working Together To Safeguard Children Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Working Together To Safeguard Children Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Working Together to Safeguard Children ( 2006 ) provides counsel for professionals who are working with kids and their households to aids them in their safeguarding pattern. This papers places accent on the demand for joint working as this provides a assortment of cognition, theory and accomplishment when working with kids and their households. The General Social Care Council ( GSCC ) identified codifications of pattern that purpose to raise the criterions in societal attention services, foregrounding the duty of societal attention workers and their employers to guarantee that the codifications are followed within pattern. The General Social Care Council ( 2005 ) highlighted that the Codes of Practice were to reflect the bing good pattern of professionals and shared the criterions and ethical pattern to which they aspired. The chief purposes of the Code of Practice are to inform services users and the populace of the criterions that they can anticipate from societal attention workers and to supply societal attention workers with clear lines of answerability, hence guaranting that workers are cognizant of the duty upon them to guarantee that these behaviors do non fall below the criterions expected of them as this can take to the dismissal of workers ( GSCC 2002 ) . Social workers are challenged on a day-to-day footing to continue the Codes of Practice while implementing authorities policies and processs and have the duty for doing hard determinations and recommendations that will finally impact and impact upon the lives of kids and their households. It is hence critical that professionals are able to do these determinations by pulling and reflecting upon counsel to enable professionals to do ethical and sound determinations in the best involvement of the kid and their household. Social workers have to accept and be accountable for all their actions and necessitate to be able to explicate why they have acted in a certain manner. Therefore societal workers need to hold a good apprehension of how nature and society affects the manner in which they pattern enabling them to work aptly and expeditiously. Social workers strive to guarantee that kids are protected from injury as best they can and in order to make so societal workers are trained and led by policies and processs set out non merely by the authorities but besides from within the using authorization. The jurisprudence besides forms an indispensable portion in the determination doing procedure to guarantee that kids are non capable to important injury. Professionals have a responsibility to look into and complete initial questions under Section 47 of the Children Act 1989, if there is sensible cause to surmise that a kid whom is populating or found within the local country is believed to be enduring, or is likely to endure important injury ( HM Government 2006 ) . The Children Act 1989 introduced Significant Harm as the threshold that justifies mandatory intercession and determines if a kid is made capable to a protection program or provided with support in the kids and households arena ( OLoughlin A ; OLoughlin 2008 ) therefore a kid may be supported on a kid in need footing. The procedure will get down at the referral phase which is the first point of contact when information and or concerns are brought to the attending of Children s Services, this can include a instance that is already unfastened to the associated local authorization if there are an accretion of concerns or a pre birth appraisal indicates important injury to an unborn kid ( DOH 2006 ) . A squad director and a lead societal worker will be allocated to the instance and a determination will be made as to whether or non there are concerns which could present possible or existent injury to the kid, if this is so so a determination will be made to continue to a scheme meeting and will be recorded at this point by direction. A scheme meeting should affect Children s services, Police, Education, Health and any other relevant bureaus who are working with the household. Working in partnership with all professionals involved is indispensable as sharing information helps to construct a clear image of the kid, household unit and the issues doing concern, therefore advancing the safety and good being of the kid ( Children Act 1989 ) . However in some cases this sharing of information is done without the consent of the parents which instantly conflicts with the codification of pattern set out by the General Social Care Council ( 2005 ) as it states that the rights and involvements of the service user must be protected, esteeming and keeping the self-respect and privateness of the service user. Already there is a contradiction get downing between the Working Together to Safeguard Children counsel and the Codes of Practice. Another struggle emerges if the result of the scheme is to continue with a Section 47 question, due to Working Together to Safeguard Children ( 2006 ) saying that ; Parents and those with parental duty are informed of concerns at the earliest chance, unless to make so would put the kid at hazard of important injury, or sabotage a condemnable probe and that as parental consent has non been obtained any work done should be practiced in a mode which allows for future working relationships with the household . This sounds plausible and is aimed to be in the best involvements of the kid nevertheless it conflicts with the Codes of Practice ( 2005 ) which province that ; a societal attention worker must endeavor to set up and keep the trust and assurance of service users . As a societal worker it is improbably hard to continue the Codes of Practice whilst following the counsel of Working Together to Safeguard Children, due to non being able to be as unfastened and honest during the initial contact as possible. The principle for this is that the lone information to be provided to the household is that, that is agreed within the scheme meeting ( HM Government 2006 ) . Whilst transporting out a Section 47 question it is indispensable that the kid in inquiry is spoken to entirely as this gives the kid the chance to show their wants and feelings and allows professionals to garner farther information. If the kid is non spoken to alone it reduces the ability to suitably measure the demands and hazards environing the kid. When talking to the kid it is imperative that treatments are practiced in a manner that minimises hurt but maximises the likeliness that they will supply accurate and complete information as deriving the kid s positions can be critical in the bar of important injury ( HM Government 2006 ) . Clearly saying that professionals are able to talk to kids without the consent of parents or anyone with parental duty, if there is grounds that the kid would be placed at farther hazard should the parents be informed. Consequently societal workers are following the counsel from Working Together to Safeguard Children yet ignoring the Codes of Practice which places a responsibility on the societal worker to communicate in an appropriate, unfastened, accurate and straightforward manner ( GSCC 2005 ) . Section 47 questions may include a medical scrutiny and failure to consent from the parents or failure to let the kid to be seen in general may ensue in the professionals holding to do an application to the Court in regard of being granted appropriate orders such as an Emergency Protection Order or Assessment Order, professionals will be directed by legal professionals in this blink of an eye. Once once more there are struggles within this, in regard of the Codes of Practice, by go toing Court and seeking an order, households may experience that they are non being listened to or their wants respected, in some scenarios it may be felt by services users that their privateness and self-respect is non being respected. However there is one Code of Practice that has some similarities to Working Together to Safeguard Children ; taking necessary stairss to understate the hazards of service users from making existent or possible injury to themselves or others ( GSCC 2005 ) . It may besides go apparent when finishing a Section 47 question that the kid in inquiry and siblings if any, may necessitate to be accommodated whilst subsequent appraisal are complete. The local authorization will whenever possible effort to guarantee that the kid can stay at place and appropriate stairss will be taken to guarantee the kid s safety, nevertheless there are times when the hazard is such that there is no other option than to take the kid from the household place ( HM Government 2006 ) . There is a clear contrast to the Codes of Practice as they province that service users have the right to take hazards hence placing professionals in a place whereby they need to do determinations as to whether the hazards can be managed without go forthing the kid at hazard of farther injury. As a societal worker you are faced with struggle and quandary when trying to work in conformity with both Working Together to Safeguard Children and the Codes of Practice. This leads to dilemmas in pattern that require consideration and in order for societal workers to do sound and professional opinions it is indispensable that societal workers have regular supervising to help their pattern, let them to reflect on determinations made, look at assorted intercessions and possible results. Supervision allows for societal workers to guarantee that they provide effectual and efficient work with kids and households. Working within child protection is complex and the demand to portion information is critical hence any determinations that are made with respects to kids should be done so in a multi-agency mode. This aims to guarantee that professionals are non separately held accountable for failure to work in conformity with the Codes of Practice and authorities counsel while integrating inter-agency working, which is cardinal when battling kid maltreatment ( Working Together to Safeguard Children 2006 ) . The Codes of Practice ( 2005 ) express the demand for societal worker to be accountable for their ain work, this includes the demand for societal workers to recognize and esteem the functions and expertness of other professionals and work in partnership with them. Joint supervising with professionals in a similar field gives the chance to portion cognition and skill an may cover something the fellow professional has failed to detect hence providing and even best quality of service to the populace. It has become copiously clear throughout this assignment that societal work is of all time altering and that the determination devising procedure, separately or jointly between professionals is neer easy, particularly when it involves the lives of kids and immature people. Adhering to The Codes of Practice whilst besides adhering to authorities counsel, merely, causes struggle in pattern this is something that may neer alter and as a societal worker it is imperative to observe this and whilst following policies and processs we must non bury that the kids we are seeking to protect and the households that they belong to are people, human existences with feelings, rights and deserve to be treated right.

12 Character Archetypes Every Writer Should Already Know

12 Character Archetypes Every Writer Should Already Know 12 Character Archetypes Every Writer Should Already Know ‘Character archetypes’ are something you imagine bohemian writers talking about at length - perhaps while smoking a cigarette and stroking their pointy beards. And when they move onto the topic of Jungian theory, you can see yourself tuning out of the conversation altogether. But despite their seemingly high-minded background in psychoanalysis, understanding character archetypes can help writers of all stripes gain a better understanding of storytelling.In this post, we’ll explain to you what character archetypes are, reveal some of the most popular ones - and show you how to prevent your archetype characters from becoming clichà ©s.What is a character archetype?In storytelling, an archetype is a character who represents a specific set of universal, recognizable behaviors. Carl Jung, one of the forefathers of psychoanalysis, suggested that they are part of the human collective unconscious. He believed that these recurring figures are part of the mythmaking fabr ic that is common to all humans.If we are to believe Jung and Joseph Campbell’s theory of the Hero’s Journey, stories and myths are an intrinsic part of human development and evolution. They are a teaching tool, a way to warn each other of dangers and the simplest method of examining human behavior and better understanding one another.We’re not saying that these archetypes are embedded into human DNA: they are simply the character forms that have resonated most over the generations. What are character archetypes? And how can they help you? If myths and fireside stories were originally ways that people had to impart knowledge to society at large, then each of Jung’s archetypes might represent a different lesson: care for your children like a mother, be brave like a hero, be wary of tricksters posing as friends, and listen to your elders. The plot of Stephanie Meyer’s Twilight is nearly identical to Romeo and Juliet. Edward and Bella belong to the same archetype as those star-crossed lovers of Verona. The difference lies in the specifics: the way the characters speak, the Pacific Northwest setting, the fantastical conflict between vampires and werewolves. The book follows a similar narrative arc as Romeo and Juliet, but its fans certainly wouldn’t call it a ‘predictable retread of Shakespeare’s play.For authors, character archetypes are a useful concept to understand - if only to save you from tying yourself in knots, trying to create stories and characters completely unlike anything that’s come before. Every story has already been told, so focus on what matters most to readers: creating rich, specific worlds populated by people living specific lives, whose struggles are so grounded in realistic human behavior that their stories become universal -   no matter where the reader is fr om.What other character archetypes have we missed from this list? Drop them in the comments below along with your favorite example!

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Strategic management - Essay Example The beef rearing system is characterised by small farmers who mainly keep less that 10 beef cattle. Kapak should increase the number of retailers and expand own distribution network through Agra trading in order to reduce the bargaining power of the retailers. The company should also segment the market and build strategic partnerships with the farmers. The company can start beef cattle rearing in order to ensure a constant supply high quality beef cattle. In addition, Kapak must enter the emerging markets such as Middle East and South America in order to minimise competition in the saturated domestic and EU market. Table of contents page number 1.0. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 2.0. Business environment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 2.1. Pestle analysisâ₠¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 2.1.1. Political environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 2.1.2. Economic environment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 2.1.3. Social environment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 2.1.4. Technological environment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 2.1.5. Legal environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 2.1.6. ... Kapak’s Value chain†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 6.1. Beef cattle maturation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 6.2. Processing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 6.3. Distribution and marketing †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 6.4. Customer base†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 7.0. Strategy appraisal and recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 8.0. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 9.0. Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . 10 Introduction Kepak history dates back mid-1960s when Noel Keating established a retailer butcher’s business. Keating continued supplying wholesale beef to the food service sector in to the larger market. The retailer was selling beef under the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy and utilized export credit refunds for large supplies to Middle East and North Africa. The company currently operates nine manufacturing units in Ireland and UK and has employed more than 1,700 employees. In 2010, the company netted about US $ 1 billion in revenues and principal revenue generating activities were animal slaughter and sell of processed meat through the meat division (Bell, McLoughlin and Shelman, 2011, p. 4). The paper will discuss the business env ironment of Kapak, the current strategy, the value chain, and provide strategic recommendations for long-term success and profitability of Kapak. Business environment PESTLE Analysis Political environment The manager of Kepak Convenience Foods has often cited food safety as a major political concern. A major food and mouth

Claims for Damages in the Court of Appeal Case Study

Claims for Damages in the Court of Appeal - Case Study Example Secondary victims may successfully claim on the ground of pure physical injury as what happened in McLoughlin v O’Brian, where the Court held that secondary victims may claim on the ground of psychiatric injury in cases that the claimant is a close relative of the primary victim and the former was able to witness by reason of physical proximity which made witnessing or hearing the accident possible. In determining whether the present case will present positive prospects of recovery, the Court classified the appellants as to whether they could be secondary victims at the very least. The pivotal incident, in this case, was the shooting of Mr. Ashley, an incident that was not witnessed by the appellants. They were not, therefore, secondary victims. The psychiatric injury caused by that event upon the appellants was indirect and stemmed from the stress that the subsequent disciplinary and criminal proceedings that followed after it. The lower court, according to Lord Phillips, is not empowered to extend the law on negligence by accommodating the claims of the appellants. The case that the appellants relied upon, viz. Waters v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis is not applicable to the case at bar, according to Lord Phillips, because it contemplates of â€Å"bullying† in the workplace, which the employer failed to stop, and not a novel extension of the duty of care. In winding his discussion, Lord Phillips quoted Lord Steyn in the Frost.  case: â€Å"My Lords, the law on the recovery of compensation for pure psychiatric harm is a patchwork quilt of distinctions which are difficult to justify. [†¦] The only prudent course is to treat the pragmatic categories as reflected in authoritative decisions such as the Alcock case [1992] 1 AC 310 and Page v Smith [1996] AC 155 as settled for the time being, but by and large to leave any expansion or development in this corner of the law to Parliament.      

Perscription drug abuse Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Perscription drug abuse - Research Paper Example As far as the statistical figures are concerned, it is a grave situation and a growing problem. (Karla, 30) Experts still haven’t been able to figure out the actual reason behind this kind of drug abuse. The two likely possibilities may be that doctors prescribe more medicines for their patients than is actually required; secondly online purchase of medicines has made it easier and convenient for people to buy drugs especially for teenagers. Where some pharmacies follow the legitimate path and do not provide medicines without prescription, however some pharmacies distribute drugs without proper prescription, validation and verification making the drugs more approachable hence contributing towards this growing issue. Drug abuse does not only lead to addiction and instability it can also give rise to harmful chemical reactions which can occur in the body due to medicine intake in inappropriate quantity. To avoid this, all prescriptions should be obtained from one pharmacy so tha t minimum risk is involved secondly using others prescription should be strictly avoided even in cases of similar condition. (Jeremy, 25) Effects of Prescription Drug Abuse Prescription drug abuse affects different parts of the body which includes body, brain and physical appearance of the individual who is involved in drug abuse. Effects on Brain and Body The drugs that are directly related to the problem of drug abuse are opioids, CNS (central nervous system) stimulants depressants that are most commonly used to pacify and ease the nervous system in case of anxiety. Opioids are drugs that are used to relieve pain of both moderate as well as severe level. OxyContin and Vicodin fall in the category of opioids; these medicines attach themselves to the brain and body cells particularly the ones in the spinal cord, brain area and gastrointestinal zone making them numb so that the pain awareness is obstructed. These drugs can also raise the level of dope in the brain which gives a feeling of immense pleasure and in other cases where it is snorted by the abusers, intensifies the feeling of euphoria which can lead to severe medical consequences which includes nausea which consequently leads to vomiting, mood swings, decrease in the activities of brain, seizures, coma and numbness. Combination of opioids with alcohol and other CNS depressants can further aggravate the situation. (Rod, 56) Central nervous system depressants as the name indicates is used to treat anxiety, insomnia, feeling of fear or panic, severe stress responses and seizures. The medicin es that lie in this category are Valium, Xanax and Librium; they act directly on GABA, an acid which is present in the brain. GABA in turn retards the brain activity to some extent which is exactly why it is used to deal with problems of anxiety and sleep disorders. It pacifies the brain activity due to which the patients experience a soothing effect and drowsiness. However if this medicine is used in inappropriate amount and special care is not taken during its use can result in respiratory seizure which ultimately leads to death. Not only the abuse or overdose of depressants result in severe

Examining The Definition Of Western Orientalism Cultural Studies Essay

Examining The Definition Of Western Orientalism Cultural Studies Essay Orientalism transfigures the study of Middle East. Edward Said defines, Orientalism as the ethnocentric way Europe approaches the Asian regions.  Europeans looked upon the people of the Orient or the East and Arabic states as gullible and devoid of energy and initiative.   The invasion of European nations proved a radical decline in the natural prosperity of every nation they stumbled upon. The matters of the European sense of superiority and interest in control can also be seen in orientalist scholarship. Backward and barbaric, fundamentally incapable of social, political, or technological modernization, these were the descriptions of the non-western societies given to them by the people of west. Orientalism is the term that signifies the existing dislike and discrimination at the bottom of the political, economic, social and cultural discourses that were created to justify the imperialist Wests invasion and domination over the non-West. In other words, Orientalism was brought o ut as a matter of historical judgment. He illustrates Asian and Islamic Cultures during European imperialism and Europes goals of maintaining power and domination of non-Europeans.He argued that Europe used the Orient and imperialism as a symbol of its strength and superiority. Said suggested that Orientalists are treated as others-in this case, Muslims and Asians-and as objects defined not in terms of their own discourses, but solely in terms of standards and definitions imposed on them from outside. Among the influences underlying these definitions was, in Saids view, a long-standing Western concern with presenting Islam as opposed to Christianity. Said divided orientalism into two categories, one is the latent Orientalism which  is the unconscious, untouchable certainty about what the Orient is. Its basic content is static and unanimous. The Orient is seen as separate, eccentric, backward, silently different, sensual, and passive. It has a tendency towards despotism and away from progress. It displays feminine penetrability and supine malleability. Its progress and value are judged in terms of, and in comparison to, the West, so it is always the other, the conquerable, and the inferior whereas manifest Orientalism  is what is spoken and acted upon. It includes information and changes in knowledge about the Orient as well as policy decisions founded in Orientalist thinking. It is the expression in words and actions of Latent Orientalism. Any humanist would see that before the west intervened, each individual culture followed to their habitat, past experiences, and past knowledge.   Even though they were not modernized they still would have survived on their own just as they had been doing it for centuries.  Ã‚   However, a race of people could not be heartless enough to admit their destruction with a clear conscious and no remorse.   They would not pack their bags and leave a deserted crippled country. Orientalism and Western domination of the rest of the world. Understanding Orientalism is useful in the context of South Asia, as it enables us to understand the relationship between political hegemony and knowledge. Said says Orientalism exposes the European will to domination to create an orderly discipline of study a set of institutions, a latent vocabulary a subject matter, and subject races. It represents the power to make philological distinctions and the institutional force to make statements about Oriental mentality, the inscrutable Oriental, the unreliable and degenerate Oriental. The concept of Orientalism is useful in analysing prevailing literature, generalised and essentialised ideas such as Hinduism and Islam. It is also important in understanding womens movements and feminist discourses in South Asia. Many South Asian women used the criticism of Orientalism to criticise literature, imaginations and situations affecting women. Yet, the idea of Orientalism and the Western imagery of the Orient can be used ideologically by extremis t nationalists and fundamentalists who suppress the freedom of thought under the pretence of defending the Orient and fighting with the West. Misunderstanding the project of Orientalism may increase hostility between people and glorify myths such as West and Orient. It is no longer desirable, in our globalised world, to say that only South Asians can talk about South Asia, or only Hindu can talk about Hinduism and explain Indian religious traditions. For example, Tibetan Buddhism was scorned again during the Victorian period, when Buddhist studies were growing into an academic discipline. As depicted by Prof Lopez, The nineteenth-century constructions of Tibetan Buddhism are part of the heritage of Orientalism, described by Edward Said as a European mode for gaining authority over the Orient, a mode whereby Orientals were controlledpolitically and epistemologicallyby scholars in Europe and colonial officials in Asia. An important part of this scholarship was the self-aggrandizing ab ility of European scholars to write histories of Oriental civilizations that identified their origins, their classical periods, and their decline. The last of these (also called the modern period) was marked by decay and impotence. The modern period was also contemporaneous with European colonialism, one of whose products for the West was knowledge about the East. According to the exponents of this new field of knowledge, the facts and artefacts of the classical period were rescued by the emergent Western scholarship from the custody of the Orientals, who failed to recognize them for what they were and hence lost any right to them. The Orientalist would henceforth speak for the Oriental through heredity of scholarship whose task it was to represent the Orient because the Orient was incapable of representing itself. This representation of the East by the West carried with it the valuation of what was true and what was false, what was worthy and what was worthless. Furthermore, accord ing to Edward Saids  Orientalism, the texts produced by European Orientalists had the power to create not only knowledge but also the very reality they appear to define by delimiting the object of knowledge. Said argues that Orientalism also had more directly political effects: its representations of the Orient provided a justification for imperialism and a foundation for colonial policies and institutions. (Prof Donald S. Lopez Jr, 1994) Iraq is the ultimate illustration of how Orientalist conventional wisdom had it wrong.   Arguing that this Orientalism has driven America to contempt and discriminate against the Orient, and eventually to invade Afghanistan and Iraq as well as arousing certain public opinion against North Korea, may be criticized for its ignorance or exaggeration, especially when the world has observed the events of September attack (9/11) and the North Korean nuclear weapon issue.During the past two centuries Europe has ideologically constituted Asia in relation to itself with the purpose of putting its hand in it. In the past decade, Asian music and culture has spread throughout the West like poppies. The problem is that this Orientalism is still present, long after the imperialist invasions. Bushs policies are the evidence for the existence of Orientalism. The Bush administration invaded Iraq claiming that Iraq had Weapon of Mass destruction (WMD) and that Saddam Hussein was an unforgivable dict ator. As the supposed Weapon of mass destruction (WMD) have not yet been found and as Hussein was the representative of Iraq, chosen by its people, it is natural that the Iraqi people pronounce curse against Bush. With the amount of west intervention in Iraq, it was not possible for the US military force to occupy Iraq forever. During the Bush administration, he announced that the US military force will be withdrawn upon the establishment of a democratic government in Iraq, the US will probably still try to dominate Iraq in one way or another as long as they have an oil interest in Iraq. Their dominance, however, will not last for long, and the US army cannot help but leave Iraq. This is just a matter of time. Americans or people in the world felt over 9/11 attack. Nobody can deny that 9/11 was an atrocity that aroused anger around the world. The world, however, is aware that the broad antagonism of the west especially Americans against the Arab world was one of the main causes of 9 /11, and that the terrorist Bin Laden himself was, in the past nurtured by the US to fight against the USSR. In other words, 9/11 was a trap set by the US themselves then. The war in Iraq, perceptions have proven particularly relevant to the conduct of military operations. However, because Western outlook of this critical region, and forming the personal collection of most Westerners, are predetermined by each individuals experience within his/her culture. This experience is mostly shaped by the images, ideas and impressions retained from exposure to popular culture, media and more or less elaborate programmes or readings, and depending on ones educational accomplishments, personal or professional interests. The common characteristic between all these individual experiences, as far as the Middle-East is concerned, is that they are all immersed in a predominant consensus or discourse about the representation of this critical region of the world. Likewise, the launch of the Arabic lan guage Al-Jazeera satellite channel nearly ten years ago, transformed the television landscape in the Middle East. And over the past three years the channel has gained global reputation and became a name which governments and decision-makers across the world can hardly ignore. Even, In  The Lord of the Rings  film trilogy, the costumes of the Haradrims, a human race who allies itself with the enemy, are Middle-Eastern in style. When children are fed this kind of negative bias against the Middle-East, the subliminal cultural consciousness of whole generations is enduringly and profoundly impacted. The normality of such bad depictions clearly illustrates what several Western intellectuals qualify at best as acceptable political in correctness directed against Middle-Easterner The war declared on terrorism after the massacre of 9/11 in New York, with the subsequent military operations in Afghanistan and in Iraq, revives this tradition of improving interventionism by carrying on the old orientalist-related topic. Far from destroying the Great Divide between the West and the Rest, the wars of a new type support and separate the division between civilized and barbaric in the era of globalization. The explanation of ideology of the American, according to which there would no longer be outside or inside, because no country would now be released from terrorism. What now prevails is a sober vision of globalization, that of a fight to the death between two worlds, extending over all continents, between America, and the Islamic terrorism. But this originality goes back to schemes that are as old as the United States itself, insofar as this self-proclaimed exceptional, autonomous and providential imperial republic has an idealistic or ideal component qualified as es sential. Edward Said also refers to the medias ability to control and filter information as an invisible screen, releasing what it wants people to know and blacking out what it does not want them to know. To accomplish his goal Said sets up a methodological argument within which he addresses three main concepts. First, that imperialism is not about a specific moment in history, but rather a continuing interdependent dialogue between subject peoples and the dominant hegemony of the empire. Secondly, through the production of popular western literature authors have maintained a sense of continued supremacy upon subject peoples. This theorization that postcolonial domination has been institutionalized within western literature is a reference to the idea of a continuing interchange of ideas between dominant culture and oppressed peoples. Lastly, Saids comparison of colonialism to racism is integral to his argument about the continuation of oppression in a postcolonial environment. Throughout his analysis of culture, he focuses on the limitations of subjugated peoples within western culture and the reasons for their continued oppression. In Covering Islam (1997), Said postulates that, if knowledge is power, those who control the modern Western media (visual and print) are most powerful because they are able to determine what people like or dislike, what they wear and how they wear it, and what they should know and must not know about themselves. Said claims that untruth and falsehood about Islam and the Muslim world are consistently propagated in the media, in the name of objectivity, liberalism, freedom, democracy and progress Conclusion In this contemporary world, there is at least more than fifty percent intervention of the west towards the rest of the world. Edward Said argues in Orientalism, his landmark 1978 study of the relationship between the production of knowledge and the exercise of imperial power, the attitudes and images created by this tradition compose a closely bound system of created knowledge, of willed human work, about the Eastern other which the imperial powers of Europe and North America have historically used to invite and justify political and economic intervention and imperialism. Critics who have studied Orientalism in Europe, especially in nineteenth-century literature, have pointed out that there is much that can be learned about the Wests image of itself through the way Western writers have depicted the Orient. The influential popular magazine, The National Geographic, established in 1988 used to represent a window on the world for millions of middle class Americans at a time when movies and televisions were either not yet invented or in their infancy. The plain picturesque coverage of the Middle-East, by this magazine, showed the Arabs as exotic Orientals Mass media and movie industry developed throughout the twentieth century to become the main spreader of information, images and attitudes about the region to the public at large. The Arab Muslim progressively became a figure in American popular culture. No one can deny that orientalism has made great contributions to the study of Arab culture and history, and to the religion of Islam. Orientalists were and still are standing as experts in Arab-Islamic culture. They accumulated very rich knowledge and experience in this field of inquiry. In fact they made tremendous contribution to research, translation, and ultimately to the preservation and indexing of Arab-Islamic heritage.

Dr Seuss’ Horton Hears A Who and Yertle the Turtle and Other Stories Es

Everyone is Important in Dr Seuss’ Horton Hears A Who and Yertle the Turtle and Other Stories In many of Dr Seuss’ children’s books, a character is struggling to get his voice heard. For example, in Horton Hears A Who and Yertle the Turtle and Other Stories, there are characters that couldn’t get anyone to listen to what they have to say. These characters teach us that no matter how big or small, everyone is important. Horton had thought he heard a sound but didn’t see anyone. Nearby was a very tiny speck of dust flying aimlessly throughout the air. Horton realized that someone must be living on that speck of dust! He immediately takes action and makes up his mind that he is going to save this person because, â€Å"a person’s a person, no matter how small.† (6) No one else would believe him though. Horton knew what he had heard but didn’t know how to get the others to believe what he had to say. One of the most important lessons throughout the entire book is that Horton didn’t give up on the Who’s even though everyone thought he was crazy. The little town of Who’s were counting o...