Comparing Experiences with and Legacies - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1102 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Imperialism Essay Did you like this example? Europe having the combination of political and economic transformations began within the 1400s-1700s era converged between the 18th, 19th and 20th century allowing the west to dominate the rest of the world. This includes China, West African states, Japan and Iran. Western powers dominating these states influenced major changes not only politically and economically but socially, culturally and within military. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Comparing Experiences with and Legacies" essay for you Create order Western imperialism took shape in Africa politically, economically, socially, culturally, and technologically. An event that describes all these factors is The Scramble of Africa. The Scramble of Africa also known as the Partition of Africa was the invasion, occupation colonization of African territory by Euorpeans powers during the period of New Imperialism between 1881 and 1914. In 1870 barely one tenth of Africa was under European control; by 1914 only about one tenth â€Å" Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and Liberia â€Å" was not. There were different motivations for imperialism within Africa. As European countries established themselves on Africas land making it open to western exploration, the development of industrialization developed. Western industrial powers wanted new markets for their manufactured goods as well as cheap labor. Africa was very abundant in natural resources, she was known for rubber, cotton, copper, slaves and other raw materials but these resources put Africa at high bid. These political and economic factors had major downfalls to the African communities. These resources were exploited by European imperial powers, causing a lot of Africans to become laborers in mines or workers on plantation fields picking cotton that were owned by the Europeans. Within How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, Rodney Walter wrote The changeover to warlike activities and kidnapping must have affected all branches of economic activity, and agriculture in particular. Occasionally, in certain localities food production was increased to provide supplies for slave ships, but the overall consequences of slaving on agricultural activities in Western, Eastern, and Central Africa were negative. Western imperialism wasnt all good, as Rodney stated the African community was affected by slavery itself. Yes, western imperialism introduced new technology such as steamboats, quinine, and changes in weaponry, communication but European countries divided Africa into different sections and no regard of linguist, cultural and religious border of the people who lived there. Japan and China had different reactions to the changes of Western influences. Both these countries felt they should have a long-distance relationship with the outside world because they didnt want their own cultures to be changed or influenced by the west in anyway. Both countries wanted to keep their traditional ways because they saw no reason for change. British didnt agree with China not wanting to open trade ports with them. So, they decided to use opium, grown and processed in India, to cover their persistent trade imbalance with China. By the 1830s, British, American and other Western merchants had found an enormous, growing, and very profitable market for this highly addictive drug. When China found out that the British were smuggling in drugs and causing harm to their people, the government made opium illegal and banned it. British opposed this decision and not long after, took China to war (The Opium War). Following the war, The Treaty of Nanjing was signed which was considered the first of the unequal treaties, which basically forced China to open more ports and allow outsiders in. Once China opened more ports, they were exposed to westernization. Japan become more guarded and concerned about Europeans when they got news about incursions in China. Changes started to occur for Japan when Matthew Perry arrived from the east in 1853 forcefully demanding that they open up to more normal relations with the world. They demanded for them to open to trade with the US through an unequal treaty, just like China. But instead Japan didnt put up a fight like China because they didnt have enough military strength. This was an advantage for the US, outside influences were coming in and they couldnt do anything to prevent it. While Europe and the United States experienced scientific and industrial as well as political revolutions, and adopted expansionist policies, Japan turned inward †embracing seclusion and, at least at official levels, venerating tradition. Once Japan was forced to open its borders, they recognized the need for technological and military advancement. This is when the Meji Restoration came about. The goal was a rich country, a strong military. This lead Japan to start learning from the west. They abolished the Samurai class, opening opportunities for the lower class to advance and grow, to building modern industries. They studied different military strategies and learned that understanding laws would help them to avoid any more unequal treaties. Another country that western powers dominated was Iran. When changing the name of Persia to Iran in 1935, this was seen as more modern. Reza Shah was influenced by the west and was very ambitious to make Iran modernized. His plan was to regulate religious rituals, establish a dress code (women were not allowed to wear veils, men were ordered to wear western suits/hats). When Reza passed his son Mohammad Reza Shah replaced his father on the throne. He continued modernizing and improving Iran. The country had great oil, a powerful military, a well-educated elite, and a solid alliance with the US. Also, the shahs White Revoultion, intended to promote the countrys modernization, had redistributed land to many of Irans impoverished peasants, granted women the right to vote, invested in rural health care and education. Even though modernizing Iran was a success there were still some Iranians that didnt like nor approve western ways. Like religious leader ulama, they were offended by the state bypassing Islamic schools within education programs. So even though the Shah was supported by the US, he happened to be disliked by his people. This caused the Iranian Revoultion which caused the Iran Hostage Crisis. On November 4, 1979, a group of Iranian students stormed the US embassy in Tehran, taking American hostages. Iranians responded to how they felt about western influence and they werent accepting of it. In conclusion, the era of the 18th, 19th and 20th century was clearly a growing power and domination of the world by the Europeans. Western powers created out of the ordinary wealth, and new western political ideas that lead to centralizing states. I think these new political ideas within Africa, China, Iran and Japan encouraged nationalism which strengthened the industrialized countries but also caused a lot of people to take back control. For instance, the Iranians and African Americans, they voiced how they felt about what they knew was wrong within their countries. Either way I think Western powers both bettered and damaged each one of these countries.

Factors Influencing Foreign Direct Environment - 3224 Words

MD3042 CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN GLOBAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Factors Influencing Foreign Direct Investment The world is becoming a global village and more companies are now operating at an international level. This essay critically analyses some of the factors which influence Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Morrison (2006) defined FDI as the establishment of a company of a productive nature in a foreign country involving large volume of shareholding in foreign operations. The essay will investigate how important FDI is in the process of globalisation and in the activities of multinational enterprises as well as examining how international trade and FDI are interlinked. There will also be a discussion of different reasons why companies†¦show more content†¦FDI has broadened its meaning into the acquisition of a lasting management interest in a firm outside the investing enterprise’s home country. For the reason above, it comes in different forms which include direct acquisition of foreign companies, construction of a factory in a foreign country and investment in joint ven tures. Britton and Worthington (2009) described FDI as an important aspect of globalisation as well as the activities of multinational companies. Over the recent years, FDI has responded to new information technology systems, the reduction in global communication costs and the liberalisation of the national regulatory framework which controls investment in enterprises, (easing of restrictions and on foreign investments and acquisition in many nations) have simplified the management of foreign investments as compared to the past ( Spaulding and Graham, 2004). These are some of the factors which fuelled FDI’s expanded role in today’s global business. According to the UNCTAD (2004) foreign direct investment flow in developing countries has exploded through mergers and acquisition and internationalisation of production in a range of industries. FDI in developed countries rose from $481 billion in 1998 to $636 billion in 2004 (UNCTAD, 2004). Advocates of FDI suggest that the exchange of investment flows benefits both the home country and the host country, however some critics noted thatShow MoreRelatedPricing For Export Market Is The Most Important Factors Determining The Performance Of Export Ventures1186 Words   |  5 Pagesexport market is one of the most important factors determining the performance of export ventures. Scholars describe the export pricing as one of the prime devices used by the exporters to adapt offering to fulfil the requirement of foreign markets (Myers et al 2000). In the competitive export pricing environment, it is expected that export performance is impacted by competitive export pricing. 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Thomas Hardy’s View on Time Free Essays

In hardy’s poems time is not constant or limited by a forward direction of time passing nor the vertical view of time. time is a landscape or location upon which we view the different vantage points and aspects of it, and consequently he has given locations the characteristics of time. The journey through locations is constant and forward moving but as in time you can access memories but revisiting them in your mind, or in hardy’s sense, by revisiting the location. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Hardy’s View on Time or any similar topic only for you Order Now ou are not locked in time as you are in reality, hardy rewinds time as he chooses and sees what he saw at any period in his life but only when at the location. This comes through in â€Å"after a journey† when hardy revisits a cave and the echo from his previous visit their still remained, as if no time had passed, â€Å"and the cave just under, with a voice still so hollow that it seems to call out to me from forty years ago† Hardy’s subconscious is so active that by revisiting a place, any memories from there reawaken and occupy the scene. In the first stanza of ‘where the picnic was’ we are in hardy’s memory at the early stages of assumedly Emma and hardy’s marriage, when the ‘fire’ was still young and strong in their relationship. Hardy is describing a place they went in the summer time. towards the end of the stanza we are indicated that there has been a change and time is allowed to show what is in front of him then juxtaposition is introduced and we are rapidly in this new, dull and derelict scene but the location has not changed. The time jump shows where hardy really is in his life journey. Reminding him that can although he can see all these different vantage points of a landscape there is always on true outcome the present giving time a personality and the ability to ridicule. This relates to â€Å"after a journey† where   Time is personified â€Å"despite Time’s derision† time is given a character that in a way as if to taunt Hardy for wanting so much to access old layers of time . Emphasising that time has the ultimate power and control and can not be completely defied How to cite Thomas Hardy’s View on Time, Essay examples

Rationality and Humour in Counselling †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Rationality and Humour in Counselling. Answer: Introduction An individual addresses various issues and challenges in life that leads to uncertain behavioural changes. Some individuals are unable to cope up with these changes leading to adverse psychological and habitual breakdown. Such breakdown of the individuals can be treated through counselling thereby, providing an opportunity for them to revive and lead a normal lifestyle. As commented by McLeod (2013), counselling is defined as a professional relationship that provides support to groups, individuals and families to cope up with psychological and health issues. Therefore, counselling is the way of providing mental support, guidance and advice to individuals by counsellors. The individuals share their personal conflicts, dilemmas and grievances to the counsellors to seek advice for betterment. For example, people become alcoholic if they are unable to cope up with their failures in life that results in depression (Blum 2012). Such habits affect the lifestyle of the individual along with the people surrounding them. Therefore, counselling helps in providing guidance and motivates the individuals for improvement in their life. This report consists of the various roles and approaches of counselling in treating alcoholism as this adversely affects the life of the individuals and the people surrounding them. There is no solid and proven evidence of why individuals become alcoholic at particular age. According to Shin, Shin and Yeoun (2012), individuals become alcoholic, as they are unable to cope up with the struggles and failures encountered by them in life. However, as argued by Parsons and Prigatano (2014), people become alcoholic due to long-term exposure to alcohol consumption. It is also suggested that people turn alcoholic due to hereditary reasons. The reasons may vary but the issues faced by the alcoholic people are similar. The alcoholic person suffers severe depression, as they are unable to perform well in life, both personally and professionally. Alcoholic people fail to concentrate in their daily activities. This leads to failure and negligence of important duties for the alcoholics. Due to their inability, the alcoholics develop aggressive nature that results in social isolation for them. The alcoholics succumb to more depression in their daily life and the struggle contin ues. Due to their nature, their family and partners also suffers. As a result, counselling is a significant option for providing them a healthier life. Causes and Impacts of Alcoholism Though the exact cause of alcoholism is still undetermined, alcohol dependency increases when an individual develops extensive drinking tendency. As mentioned by Yki-Jarvinen (2014), consumption of alcohol gives pleasure to the individual thereby, increasing the rate of alcohol consumption eventually causing harmful effect. Increased consumption of alcohol changes the chemical reactions of the brain thereby, facilitating the consumptions. Stressful surrounding environment turns an individual alcoholic when the individual fails to cope up with the stress. For example, stressful job or financial crisis makes a person alcoholic, as they are unable to handle. Such stressful environment leads to psychological disorder such as anxiety and depression thereby, increasing the chances of alcoholism (Bachman et al. 2013). Alcohol consumption provides the individuals with mental pleasure and a way of handling their stress. At certain instances, family history and alcohol consumption from an earl y age also leads to alcoholic nature among individuals. As commented by Maisel et al. (2013), the different types of alcohol use disorders are hazardous drinking, harmful drinking, binge drinking and alcohol dependence. Hazardous drinking is a pattern of consumption that increases the risk of harm whereas harmful drinking is a pattern of drinking that has likely caused the harm. Binge drinking highlights high drinking in a single session, that is, twice the daily limit. For example, 6 units for women and 8 units for men. Alcohol dependence is defined as a cluster of physiological, behavioural and cognitive phenomena conforming to the alcohol dependence syndrome. 26% of the adult population have an alcohol use disorder (AUD) that includes 38% of men 16% of women aged 16-64, 23% of the adult population are hazardous or harmful alcohol users (7.1 million people in England) and 21% of men and 9% of women engage in binge drinking. Health problems associated with alcoholism signifies 11% male hypertensives, 65% suicide attempts, 20-30% all accidents, 39% deaths in fires, 37% pedestrians killed, 15% hospital admissions, 80% AE contact - peak time, 125,000 facial injuries yearly and 10,000 people attend alcohol services each day (Lieber 2012). Moreover, the social problems include 23% child neglect cases, 13% child emotional abuse, 10% physical 5% sexual, 50% child protection cases, 20% school exclusions and 60-70% domestic assaults (Kissin and Begleiter 2013). Concept of Counselling and Counselling Approaches According to Klein (2012), the concept of counselling highlights intense listening and talking between the affected individual and the counsellor. In the process, the affected person is able to express their emotions and thoughts they are currently going through without any hesitation thereby, providing an opportunity for the individuals to resolve shame, denial and guilt. The various approaches of counselling play a significant role for the counselling professionals as it provides a particular framework for integrity. This allows the counsellors to appropriately understand, interpret and take actions suitably. In counselling, integrity and consistency are essential for accomplishing the goals in terms of helping the affected or suffering individuals. Therefore, the consistent frameworks provided by the counselling approaches are used to view the issue of the client suitably. As asserted by Bond (2015), the counselling approaches are used as metaphors, a concise way of conceptualising the issue or situation of the client. This also provides a broader approach to view and solve the challenges of the clients. Counselling approaches uses a generalised way of viewing the issues of the clients that helps in clarifying the understanding that helps the counsellors to draw similar conclusions about different situations thereby, creating and developing knowledge. As commented by Moon (2014), counselling approaches acts as road maps or guidance for counsellors for achieving ultimate results. Counsellors can rely on the counselling approaches blindly as it provides direction and ensuring that the clients are helped appropriately. Post counselling, required actions need to be taken to make the counselling more effective and impactful. The counselling session will be successful if both the counsellor and the client are comfortable to each other by talking and working through the personal problems. The counsellors help the clients in addressing their problems in a positive manner. Therefore, this provides an opportunity of clarifying the issues, exploring different actions, developing strategies and finally increasing self-awareness. The basic principles of counselling includes empathy, listening, positive regard unconditionally, concreteness, genuiness, open questions and self-disclosure (McMahon et al. 2012). Therefore, counselling help individuals in opening up without any hesitation, making proper life choices and self- development. This also provides an opportunity for the clients to develop a better understanding of their inner self thereby, clearly understanding own problems and challenges. In order to improve the lifestyle and mental state of the people suffering from alcoholism, counsellors play a significa nt role. The counsellors help in understanding the mindset of the alcoholics and try to find out the reason they opted for this lifestyle. This allows the counsellors to understand the life experience of the alcoholics and provide them mental support for leading an improved lifestyle. Characteristics and Principles of Counselling Counselling is considered as a problem-solving approach that provides an opportunity for the client to think through and resolve the issue that bothers the client. As commented by Norman and Ryrie (2013), counselling is more of a cooperative approach that involves two individuals to solve a particular problem. Counselling is a mutual learning process that includes an individual that requires help and a trained professional providing help thereby, orienting and directing the individual towards a goal. This ensures maximum growth and development of the surrounding environment of the individual. As mentioned by McNiff (2013), the basic counselling principles include principle of acceptance, permissiveness, and respect for individual, thinking with the individual, learning and consistency with ideals democracy. According to the principle of acceptance, the counsellor needs to accept each client as an individual thereby, providing due regards to the rights of the clients. Accepting each o ther helps in building a supportive and comfortable environment for the counsellor and the client without judging each other. The principle of permissiveness helps in developing a relationship that promotes optimism thereby, constructing the environment according to the client. In the relationship of counselling, all the relative thoughts are accepted. As mentioned by Joyce and Sills (2014), another important principle of counselling is respect for the individual. The counsellor must not form and develop any idea about the client by judging the situation. Respect for the client helps in providing an unbiased approach by the counsellor thereby, achieving maximum effectiveness. Moreover, the principle of consistency with ideals and democracy in counselling highlights that each client needs to be accepted individually and respected for their beliefs and rights. According to counselling, the ideals of an individual needs to be respected. The counsellor needs to listen patiently to the client in order to develop understanding of the situation of the client. While listening to the client, the counsellor needs to have a clear mind without forming a prior judgement. Some of the other significant characteristics of counselling are that the counsellor needs to listen properly and must be warm and observant towards the client. Being observant during the counselling session provides an opportunity to decode the non-verbal communications of the client appropriately. Facial expression, voice tone, body posture will help in decoding valuable information about the client. A warm approach helps in building a suitable environment and positive environment during counselling thereby, communicating without any hesitation. Cognitive Behavioural Approaches of Counselling Cognitive behavioural approaches are one of the most essential and effective approaches in counselling. As mentioned by Trower, Jones and Dryden (2015), the concept of cognitive behavioural therapy highlights the therapy conducted by talking. This provides an opportunity for the individuals to manage their issues and problems by changing the way they think and behave towards a particular situation. Cognitive behavioural approach is effective in treating severe health and psychological problems. The three basic principles of cognitive behavioural approach are behaviour, thoughts and beliefs. It is completely dependent on individual core beliefs. Cognitive behavioural approach is a method of psychotherapy for short or limited time that includes practical approaches in solving problems. This approach helps in changing the thinking pattern or behaviour of individuals that leads to difficult situations thereby, changing the way they feel. According to Dryden and Mytton (2016), cognitive b ehavioural approaches are used to treat individuals those have restricted ideas that rule their happiness thereby, leading to depression and unhappiness. While using the cognitive behavioural approach, a supportive relationship needs to be established with the client. In addition to, a systematic plan needs to be implemented to challenge the damaging thoughts of the individual thereby, motivating and encouraging. Motivation and encouragement will enable the individual to implement new ways of thinking and seeing the current situation with different perspective. As mentioned by Neenan and Dryden (2013), the three main type of cognition that rules and strongly influences behaviour of the individuals are information processing, automatic thoughts and the often unspoken rules and beliefs of the individuals. The approach helps in breaking down the serious problems of the individuals in a positive manner thereby, improving the feeling towards a particular situation. Moreover, cognitive behavioural approach emphasises on the present problems of the individuals rather than dealing with problems faced by the individual in the past. Therefore, this provides an opportunity for the counsellors to improve the mind state of the individual on a daily basis. As a result, occurrence of any negative thoughts or approaches within the individual is strictly prohibited due to daily counselling. Cognitive behavioural approach is helpful where only medicinal approach has failed. For example, alcoholism treatment can be treated with cognitive behavioural therapy a s having only medical interventions generally fail. Practical and useful strategies along with the short duration of the approach are a major advantage. Humanistic Approach of Counselling Humanism is a psychological perspective that highlights the study of a person as a whole. A humanistic psychologist not only observes the client through the eyes of a therapist but also observes them as a normal person who has varied behaviours. Humanistic approach is sometimes called a phenomenological approach. This means that the therapist observes their client from the viewpoint of subjective experience. The behaviour of every individual is analyzed through their unique perception of observing the world (Lemberger and Hutchison 2014). Humanism assumes that every individual is free to make their choices and they are solely responsible for their behaviour. No individual can understand any other persons behaviour without experiencing his or her position (Dryden and Mytton 2016). Lastly, it assumes that every person has the capacity for growth. Carl Rogers is one of the eminent names in Humanism who believed that every individual could achieve their desires, goals and wishes in life (Castonguay and Hill 2012). Roger in this theory talked about two basic human needs, namely Self Actualization and Positive regards. Roger believed that human being have one basic need that is to self actualize, which means to fulfil ones achievements and goals in their life. Roger also claimed that the need to receive respect, affection and attention is very important to build self-confidence. The basic human problem is that there is a lot of conflict between these two needs of the individuals. There is a lot of conflict about real self t hat emphasizes on the personal experiences like feelings wishes and perceptions and the self-concept that emphasizes on the persons conception of their own self-construction (Rogers 2013). Person centred counselling does Humanism give an approach of counselling. It is also known as Client centred therapy. In this type of counselling, the therapist helps the client to bring themselves closer to their real self. The three key conditions or steps of person-centred therapy are Empathic Understanding, Unconditional Positive Regard and Congruence. In empathic understanding, the counsellor initiates sensitivity and understandings towards the situation faced by the client. In unconditional positive regard, the therapist acceptance and respect towards their client. Lastly, in congruence, the therapists encourage the clients towards knowing themselves better and show their genuineness (Rogers 2013). There are various merits and demerits of Client centred therapy. The merits are discussed in the following section. Firstly, in this type of therapy the client is the primary decision maker. Secondly, client centred therapy is very transparent. The therapist points out the problems and the client find their own way to solve the problems under the guidance of the therapist. Lastly, the therapist is always supportive and non-judgmental towards their clients. The demerits are discussed in the following section. Firstly, person centred therapy only focuses on the insights of the client and not on the external factors. Lastly, it is not possible for the therapist to be always non-judgmental and transparent. Egans Integrative Approach Egans approach is drawn mainly from the concepts and methods that already exist (Mortensen et al. 2012). The Skilled Helper model given by Egan is similar to the Cognitive Analytic Theory given by Ryle and Self-confirmation model given by Andrew. The basic elements of Egan model is opportunity awareness and problem Management (Kawanami 2014). The model of Egan is used in many coaching and counselling situations where the main objective is to achieve changes in the attitude of people and to empower people that will help them to manage their own problems. The main objective of this model is to mentor the students through the process of guidance and counselling. There are three stages in this model that are used for mentoring the students. They are, namely, Exploration, Challenging and Action planning (Baines Guiness and Rourke 2017). The first stage is the stage of Exploration. In this stage, the main objective of the mentor is to find out the actual areas of the problem of their mentee. The problems are to be addressed by the therapist with a non-judgmental manner. He should observe each action done by the client, like the positive body structure, eye contact and pitch or tone of their voice. The therapist also listens to all the problems faced by the client like a mentor. He should be empathetic towards the client and the client should feel that the therapist totally understands their emotions. The therapist should also address to the problem that is the actual cause of their turmoil. The therapist should be able to bring out the untouched emotions and feelings the client is having but are unable to detect it by them. Reciprocation plays an important part. The client should feel free to have a healthy communication with their therapist (Chen 2014). The second stage involves challenging the views that already exists in the society. The therapist encourages the client to explore their thoughts. They should be able to raise questions against the old and rigid viewpoints of the society. The therapist motivates the clients to have their own point of view towards the solution of their problems. The main objective of the therapist is to encourage the client for setting goal and made progress towards it (Chen 2014). The third stage involves the planning the action that are taken by the students to achieve their goals. The therapist shows different perspectives of problem solving to the students. The therapist gives options and therefore motivates the clients to choose the wise and correct plan of action for achieving their goals. In respect to alcoholism and alcoholic person, Egans Integrative approach allows the counsellors to plan the action that needs to be undertaken while treating the person. General counselling process would not be helpful, as this will not allow the counsellors to understand the alcoholics better. According to this approach, the counsellors will provide options to the alcoholic person and the individual has to select from the given options for improvement. Narrative Approaches of Counselling The post structuralism has a huge impact on Narrative Therapy. According to Ricoeur, the primary structure of narrative therapy describes the human knowledge and action. The role of the therapist in narrative therapy is to deal with children (Gonalves 2016). It is a non-pathological approach to counselling. In this type of therapy, the therapist engages the clients with several narrative ideas and stories. With a framework of narration, the client is made comfortable to talk about their problems to face the external world. The main objective of the therapist is give their full attention to the client and to understand their problem, which are unable to share with anyone else. The safety of the client is their identity is to maintained private by the therapist. The approach of the therapist should be such a way that it does not re traumatize the client. The therapist maintains a narrative approach where they use a story telling method to find out the problems that is triggering the me ntal disturbances of the client. The collaboration of the family members is of utmost importance in this form of therapy. The family of the client should be aware their traumas. With the continuous support from their family members and guidance from their therapist helps the client to come over from their trauma and lead a normal and healthy life (Tilsen and Nylund 2016). If asked the role of counsellors, the most answer is that they listen. However, some might find listening an easy task and responsibility but practically it can be difficult at times. As commented by Page and Wosket (2013), the basic and primary role of counsellors is to listen to their clients appropriately to develop a deeper understanding of their current situation. If the counsellors fail to listen appropriately, they might be unable to solve the problems of their clients. Counsellors help in building a comfortable environment for their clients to share their viewpoints and problems thereby, evaluating their thought process behind it. Counsellors listens to their clients with a structured agenda and very deliberately. For example, in the counselling approach, listening is more one-sided rather than two friends talking and listening to each other in a bus. Counsellors use their curiosity to create an environment for the clients that make them feel safe thereby, providing an opport unity to explore the deeper dimensions of their experience. Such an environment can also be achieved by letting the counselling go in its own pace rather than using many questions while conducting the session. Counselling differs from that of obtaining for suggestions from experienced people. This is because the experienced individual might not have been in the same situation therefore their suggestions might turn unhelpful. According to Bilon and Kargul (2012), counsellors are not personally attached with their clients resulting in unbiased counselling treatment. The counsellors patiently listen to their client thereby, working in directions to resolve the issue of the client. For example, people suffering from alcoholism need to attend counselling sessions in order to shape their potential minds in a better way so that it does not affect their life and their surrounding people. As asserted by Udoh and Sanni (2015), counsellors pay more attention to relations of power and prioritise the safety of the individuals. A comfortable environment for the clients is created by using more structured approach used by the counsellors. This provides an opportunity to share their beliefs without hesita tion with the counsellors. The counsellors emphasises on aiding in the psychological development of the clients by deconstructing their problems in a stepwise manner (Kufner and Feuerlein 2012). Only medical intervention is difficult to treat alcoholism and people with alcoholic nature. Along with medical intervention, counselling intervention is essential to treat such patients. Counselling helps in developing deeper understanding of the reason and nature of the alcoholic thereby, providing them psychological support for lifestyle and health improvement. Recovery through Counselling Counselling helps in recovery from psychological disturbances, mental issues and health issues. As commented by Younis et al. (2012), counselling provides an opportunity for the individuals to open up freely in front of a professional. The professional patiently listens to the client without been biased. Counselling helps in looking at the nature and scale of the issue the client is currently facing. The counsellor helps in understanding the concept of the client thereby, implementing strategic interventions to resolve the issue. According to Kidd et al. (2014), counselling helps in changing the way of thinking of an individual. Counselling sessions are conducted at regular intervals, each session lasting around 30-60 minutes depending upon the present condition of the client. Attending the counselling sessions at regular intervals provides an opportunity to explore the emerging issues of engagement. The counselling sessions tend to change the thought process of the individuals by po sitive thoughts, as the individuals are able to open up without hesitation. As commented by Teixeira et al. (2012), the process of counselling provides continuous motivation to the individuals thereby, eradicating occurrence of any negative thoughts. The fact that the individuals attend the counselling session at regular intervals prevent the occurrence of negative thoughts and approaches within the individuals. Motivation helps in changing the viewpoint and thought process of the individuals. Individuals recover fast due to the motivation provided through counselling. This helps in treating mental disorder such as anxiety, depression along with fighting against any addiction such as drug addiction or alcoholism. The use and implementation of counselling approaches provides a practical, structured and realistic way for treating the individuals. Different approaches help in using different techniques of counselling that changes their way of thinking or changes their perspective of seeing things around them. The motivation received by individuals through counselling helps in developing positive thoughts thereby, facilitating speedy recovery. Counselling also helps in creating therapeutic alliance with the individuals suffering from psychological and health issues thereby, ensuring trust on the counsellors. Moreover, referring the patients with support groups makes the motivation more effective therefore, facilitating speedy recovery. Impact of Counselling on treating alcoholism Alcoholism is a significant problem noticed among individuals that develops with time due to problems and challenges faced by the individuals from their surrounding environment. As mentioned by Nadkarni et al. (2015), a person suffering from alcoholism needs to undergo rehabilitation program that include both medical intervention and counselling. Alcoholism is considered as a disease thereby, making it a severe health issue faced by many individuals in modern age. The principle reason of counselling for alcoholic individuals is to identify and evaluate the psychological reasons of the addiction. Along with medicine, counselling helps in altering the thought process of the alcoholic person (Owen-Pugh and Allen 2012). Therefore, counselling helps in retraining the brain to a more rational way of thinking. Alcohol counselling will help in treating alcohol use disorder (AUD) by providing appropriate support and guidance. Implementation of comprehensive recovery plans will provide an oppo rtunity for the counsellors to treat the entire person thereby, investigating their past and present situations leading to high alcohol dependency. Alcohol counselling helps in motivating the affected individuals that change their though process reducing their alcohol dependency. As mentioned by Rehm and Roerecke (2013), alcohol counselling provides adequate information about alcoholism thereby, discussing the recovery process in details. Counselling will help in building a therapeutic relationship with the alcoholic person thereby, ensuring trust on the counsellor. The counsellors emphasise on developing strong relationship with the alcoholic individual ensuring trust. This makes the alcoholic person provide subsequent assurance from the counsellor that they are safe in sharing their problems. As commented by Vrieze et al. (2013), recovery from alcohol use dependency (AUD) is difficult for individuals as they fail to recognise their own pattern of abuse. The patients are generally frustrated with their surrounding environment that increases their alcohol dependency. Therefore, counselling helps in providing encouragement and motivation to the patient reducing their level of frustration. The counsellors help in developing a relapse prevention plan in the case of providing counselling for the patient. The counsellors meet the family members of the patient to provide guidance for helping the recovery of the patient. Conclusion In this report, it can be concluded that the various counselling approaches are used for treating health disorder such as alcoholism. The concept of counselling provides an opportunity for continuous listening thereby, creating a safe and friendly environment for the patient to open up. The counsellors have an unbiased approach towards the patients thereby, ensuring trust to share their viewpoints and story of struggle. Different counselling approaches use different techniques of conducting counselling to the patients. The counselling approaches provide a road map for the counsellors to achieve successful results. Counselling provides continuous motivation and encouragement to the patients. This allows the patients get rid of health issues such as alcoholism by coping up to with their stressful surrounding. References Bachman, J.G., Wadsworth, K.N., O'Malley, P.M., Johnston, L.D. and Schulenberg, J.E., 2013. Smoking, drinking, and drug use in young adulthood: The impacts of new freedoms and new responsibilities. Psychology Press. Baines, C.R., McGuiness, W. and O'Rourke, G.A., 2017. An integrative review of skin assessment tools used to evaluate skin injury related to external beam radiation therapy.Journal of clinical nursing,26(7-8), pp.1137-1144. Bilon, A. and Kargul, J., 2012. Socio-cultural contexts for defining the role of counsellors. Blum, K. (Ed.). (2012). Alcohol and opiates: neurochemical and behavioral mechanisms. Elsevier. Bond, T., 2015. Standards and ethics for counselling in action. Sage. Castonguay, L.G. and Hill, C.E., 2012. Transformation in psychotherapy: Corrective experiences across cognitive behavioral, humanistic, and psychodynamic approaches. American Psychological Association. Chen, P., Huhtinen, K., Kaipio, K., Mikkonen, P., Aittomaki, V., Lindell, R., Hynninen, J., Auranen, A., Grenman, S., Lehtonen, R. and Carpn, O., 2016. Abstract B47: Novel integrative approach to identify therapy sensitive and insensitive ovarian cancer patients. Dryden, W. and Mytton, J., 2016. Four approaches to counselling and psychotherapy. Routledge. Dryden, W. and Mytton, J., 2016. Four approaches to counselling and psychotherapy. Routledge. Ghiyasvandian, S., Bolourchifard, F. and Yekta, Z.P., 2015. Humanistic Approach to Nursing Education: Lived Experiences of Iranian Nursing Students.Global journal of health science,7(2), p.87. Gonalves, M.M., Ribeiro, A.P., Silva, J.R., Mendes, I. and Sousa, I., 2016. Narrative innovations predict symptom improvement: Studying innovative moments in narrative therapy of depression.Psychotherapy Research,26(4), pp.425-435. Joyce, P. and Sills, C., 2014. Skills in Gestalt counselling psychotherapy. Sage. Kawanami, K., Wakao, N., Kamiya, M., Takeuchi, M., Hirasawa, A., Takahashi, E. and Sato, K., 2014. A case of mediastinal embryonal carcinoma successfully treated by integrative therapy.Nagoya journal of medical science,76(1-2), p.225. Kidd, S.A., McKenzie, K., Collins, A., Clark, C., Costa, L., Mihalakakos, G. and Paterson, J., 2014. Advancing the recovery orientation of hospital care through staff engagement with former clients of inpatient units. Psychiatric Services, 65(2), pp.221-225. Kissin, B. and Begleiter, H., 2013. Social aspects of alcoholism (Vol. 4). Springer Science Business Media. Klein, J.P., 2012. Rationality and humour in counselling. Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy/Revue canadienne de counseling et de psychothrapie, 11(1). Kfner, H. and Feuerlein, W., 2012. In-Patient Treatment for Alcoholism: a multi-centre evaluation study. Springer Science Business Media. Lemberger, M.E. and Hutchison, B., 2014. Advocating student-within-environment: A humanistic approach for therapists to animate social justice in the schools.Journal of Humanistic Psychology,54(1), pp.28-44. Lieber, C.S., 2012. Medical and nutritional complications of alcoholism: mechanisms and Management. Springer Science Business Media. Maisel, N.C., Blodgett, J.C., Wilbourne, P.L., Humphreys, K. and Finney, J.W., 2013. Meta?analysis of naltrexone and acamprosate for treating alcohol use disorders: when are these medications most helpful?. Addiction, 108(2), pp.275-293. McLeod, J., 2013. An introduction to counselling. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). McMahon, M., Watson, M., Chetty, C. and Hoelson, C.N., 2012. Examining process constructs of narrative career counselling: An exploratory case study. British Journal of Guidance Counselling, 40(2), pp.127-141. McNiff, J., 2013. Action research: Principles and practice. Routledge. Moon, L., 2014. Feeling queer or queer feelings?: Radical approaches to counselling sex, sexualities and genders. Routledge. Mortensen, D.A., Egan, J.F., Maxwell, B.D., Ryan, M.R. and Smith, R.G., 2012. Navigating a critical juncture for sustainable weed Management. BioScience, 62(1), pp.75-84. Nadkarni, A., Velleman, R., Dabholkar, H., Shinde, S., Bhat, B., McCambridge, J., Murthy, P., Wilson, T., Weobong, B. and Patel, V., 2015. The Systematic Development and Pilot Randomized Evaluation of Counselling for Alcohol Problems, a Lay Counselor?Delivered Psychological Treatment for Harmful Drinking in Primary Care in India: The PREMIUM Study. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 39(3), pp.522-531. Neenan, M. and Dryden, W., 2013. Life coaching: A cognitive behavioural approach. Routledge. Norman, I. and Ryrie, I., 2013. The art and science of mental health nursing: Principles and practice: A textbook of principles and practice. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Owen-Pugh, V. and Allen, J., 2012. Accentuating the positive: The gendered identities of male problem-drinkers, and the questions these pose for the counselling profession. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 12(4), pp.267-275. Page, S. and Wosket, V., 2013. Supervising the counsellor: A cyclical model. Routledge. Parsons, O.A. and Prigatano, G.P., 2014. Memory functioning in alcoholics. Birnbaum IM, Parker ES, pp.185-194. Rehm, J. and Roerecke, M., 2013. Reduction of drinking in problem drinkers and all-cause mortality. Alcohol and alcoholism, 48(4), pp.509-513. Rogers, C.R., 2013. Client-centered therapy.Current psychotherapies, p.95. 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Working Together To Safeguard Children Social Work Essay Essay Example

Working Together To Safeguard Children Social Work Essay Essay Working Together to Safeguard Children ( 2006 ) sets out the procedure which should underpin initial questions under subdivision 47 of the Children Act, 1989. Social Workers are required to move in conformity with the General Social Care Council s Code of Practice for Social Care Workers ( 2002 ) . Critically measure how these two paperss impact on the function of the Social Worker transporting out an initial question. For the intent of this assignment I will concentrate on the publication Working Together to Safeguard Children ( 2006 ) and the General Social Care Council s Code of Practice for Social Care Workers ( 2005 ) to critically measure and research how they impact upon the function of the societal worker whilst transporting out initial questions. The societal work profession promotes societal alteration, job resolution in human relationships and the authorization and release of people to heighten good being, using theories of human behavior and societal systems. Social work intervenes at the points where people interact with their environments. Principles of human rights and societal justness are cardinal to societal work ( International Association of schools of societal work and international Federation of Social Workers 2001 ) . Social workers act as negotiants between the single service user and the wider society in order to help the person with the jobs they are confronting. This is performed by professionals using theories, their ain values and beliefs of human behavior and societal systems ( International Association of schools of societal work and international Federation of Social Workers 2001 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Working Together To Safeguard Children Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Working Together To Safeguard Children Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Working Together To Safeguard Children Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Working Together to Safeguard Children ( 2006 ) provides counsel for professionals who are working with kids and their households to aids them in their safeguarding pattern. This papers places accent on the demand for joint working as this provides a assortment of cognition, theory and accomplishment when working with kids and their households. The General Social Care Council ( GSCC ) identified codifications of pattern that purpose to raise the criterions in societal attention services, foregrounding the duty of societal attention workers and their employers to guarantee that the codifications are followed within pattern. The General Social Care Council ( 2005 ) highlighted that the Codes of Practice were to reflect the bing good pattern of professionals and shared the criterions and ethical pattern to which they aspired. The chief purposes of the Code of Practice are to inform services users and the populace of the criterions that they can anticipate from societal attention workers and to supply societal attention workers with clear lines of answerability, hence guaranting that workers are cognizant of the duty upon them to guarantee that these behaviors do non fall below the criterions expected of them as this can take to the dismissal of workers ( GSCC 2002 ) . Social workers are challenged on a day-to-day footing to continue the Codes of Practice while implementing authorities policies and processs and have the duty for doing hard determinations and recommendations that will finally impact and impact upon the lives of kids and their households. It is hence critical that professionals are able to do these determinations by pulling and reflecting upon counsel to enable professionals to do ethical and sound determinations in the best involvement of the kid and their household. Social workers have to accept and be accountable for all their actions and necessitate to be able to explicate why they have acted in a certain manner. Therefore societal workers need to hold a good apprehension of how nature and society affects the manner in which they pattern enabling them to work aptly and expeditiously. Social workers strive to guarantee that kids are protected from injury as best they can and in order to make so societal workers are trained and led by policies and processs set out non merely by the authorities but besides from within the using authorization. The jurisprudence besides forms an indispensable portion in the determination doing procedure to guarantee that kids are non capable to important injury. Professionals have a responsibility to look into and complete initial questions under Section 47 of the Children Act 1989, if there is sensible cause to surmise that a kid whom is populating or found within the local country is believed to be enduring, or is likely to endure important injury ( HM Government 2006 ) . The Children Act 1989 introduced Significant Harm as the threshold that justifies mandatory intercession and determines if a kid is made capable to a protection program or provided with support in the kids and households arena ( OLoughlin A ; OLoughlin 2008 ) therefore a kid may be supported on a kid in need footing. The procedure will get down at the referral phase which is the first point of contact when information and or concerns are brought to the attending of Children s Services, this can include a instance that is already unfastened to the associated local authorization if there are an accretion of concerns or a pre birth appraisal indicates important injury to an unborn kid ( DOH 2006 ) . A squad director and a lead societal worker will be allocated to the instance and a determination will be made as to whether or non there are concerns which could present possible or existent injury to the kid, if this is so so a determination will be made to continue to a scheme meeting and will be recorded at this point by direction. A scheme meeting should affect Children s services, Police, Education, Health and any other relevant bureaus who are working with the household. Working in partnership with all professionals involved is indispensable as sharing information helps to construct a clear image of the kid, household unit and the issues doing concern, therefore advancing the safety and good being of the kid ( Children Act 1989 ) . However in some cases this sharing of information is done without the consent of the parents which instantly conflicts with the codification of pattern set out by the General Social Care Council ( 2005 ) as it states that the rights and involvements of the service user must be protected, esteeming and keeping the self-respect and privateness of the service user. Already there is a contradiction get downing between the Working Together to Safeguard Children counsel and the Codes of Practice. Another struggle emerges if the result of the scheme is to continue with a Section 47 question, due to Working Together to Safeguard Children ( 2006 ) saying that ; Parents and those with parental duty are informed of concerns at the earliest chance, unless to make so would put the kid at hazard of important injury, or sabotage a condemnable probe and that as parental consent has non been obtained any work done should be practiced in a mode which allows for future working relationships with the household . This sounds plausible and is aimed to be in the best involvements of the kid nevertheless it conflicts with the Codes of Practice ( 2005 ) which province that ; a societal attention worker must endeavor to set up and keep the trust and assurance of service users . As a societal worker it is improbably hard to continue the Codes of Practice whilst following the counsel of Working Together to Safeguard Children, due to non being able to be as unfastened and honest during the initial contact as possible. The principle for this is that the lone information to be provided to the household is that, that is agreed within the scheme meeting ( HM Government 2006 ) . Whilst transporting out a Section 47 question it is indispensable that the kid in inquiry is spoken to entirely as this gives the kid the chance to show their wants and feelings and allows professionals to garner farther information. If the kid is non spoken to alone it reduces the ability to suitably measure the demands and hazards environing the kid. When talking to the kid it is imperative that treatments are practiced in a manner that minimises hurt but maximises the likeliness that they will supply accurate and complete information as deriving the kid s positions can be critical in the bar of important injury ( HM Government 2006 ) . Clearly saying that professionals are able to talk to kids without the consent of parents or anyone with parental duty, if there is grounds that the kid would be placed at farther hazard should the parents be informed. Consequently societal workers are following the counsel from Working Together to Safeguard Children yet ignoring the Codes of Practice which places a responsibility on the societal worker to communicate in an appropriate, unfastened, accurate and straightforward manner ( GSCC 2005 ) . Section 47 questions may include a medical scrutiny and failure to consent from the parents or failure to let the kid to be seen in general may ensue in the professionals holding to do an application to the Court in regard of being granted appropriate orders such as an Emergency Protection Order or Assessment Order, professionals will be directed by legal professionals in this blink of an eye. Once once more there are struggles within this, in regard of the Codes of Practice, by go toing Court and seeking an order, households may experience that they are non being listened to or their wants respected, in some scenarios it may be felt by services users that their privateness and self-respect is non being respected. However there is one Code of Practice that has some similarities to Working Together to Safeguard Children ; taking necessary stairss to understate the hazards of service users from making existent or possible injury to themselves or others ( GSCC 2005 ) . It may besides go apparent when finishing a Section 47 question that the kid in inquiry and siblings if any, may necessitate to be accommodated whilst subsequent appraisal are complete. The local authorization will whenever possible effort to guarantee that the kid can stay at place and appropriate stairss will be taken to guarantee the kid s safety, nevertheless there are times when the hazard is such that there is no other option than to take the kid from the household place ( HM Government 2006 ) . There is a clear contrast to the Codes of Practice as they province that service users have the right to take hazards hence placing professionals in a place whereby they need to do determinations as to whether the hazards can be managed without go forthing the kid at hazard of farther injury. As a societal worker you are faced with struggle and quandary when trying to work in conformity with both Working Together to Safeguard Children and the Codes of Practice. This leads to dilemmas in pattern that require consideration and in order for societal workers to do sound and professional opinions it is indispensable that societal workers have regular supervising to help their pattern, let them to reflect on determinations made, look at assorted intercessions and possible results. Supervision allows for societal workers to guarantee that they provide effectual and efficient work with kids and households. Working within child protection is complex and the demand to portion information is critical hence any determinations that are made with respects to kids should be done so in a multi-agency mode. This aims to guarantee that professionals are non separately held accountable for failure to work in conformity with the Codes of Practice and authorities counsel while integrating inter-agency working, which is cardinal when battling kid maltreatment ( Working Together to Safeguard Children 2006 ) . The Codes of Practice ( 2005 ) express the demand for societal worker to be accountable for their ain work, this includes the demand for societal workers to recognize and esteem the functions and expertness of other professionals and work in partnership with them. Joint supervising with professionals in a similar field gives the chance to portion cognition and skill an may cover something the fellow professional has failed to detect hence providing and even best quality of service to the populace. It has become copiously clear throughout this assignment that societal work is of all time altering and that the determination devising procedure, separately or jointly between professionals is neer easy, particularly when it involves the lives of kids and immature people. Adhering to The Codes of Practice whilst besides adhering to authorities counsel, merely, causes struggle in pattern this is something that may neer alter and as a societal worker it is imperative to observe this and whilst following policies and processs we must non bury that the kids we are seeking to protect and the households that they belong to are people, human existences with feelings, rights and deserve to be treated right.

12 Character Archetypes Every Writer Should Already Know

12 Character Archetypes Every Writer Should Already Know 12 Character Archetypes Every Writer Should Already Know ‘Character archetypes’ are something you imagine bohemian writers talking about at length - perhaps while smoking a cigarette and stroking their pointy beards. And when they move onto the topic of Jungian theory, you can see yourself tuning out of the conversation altogether. But despite their seemingly high-minded background in psychoanalysis, understanding character archetypes can help writers of all stripes gain a better understanding of storytelling.In this post, we’ll explain to you what character archetypes are, reveal some of the most popular ones - and show you how to prevent your archetype characters from becoming clichà ©s.What is a character archetype?In storytelling, an archetype is a character who represents a specific set of universal, recognizable behaviors. Carl Jung, one of the forefathers of psychoanalysis, suggested that they are part of the human collective unconscious. He believed that these recurring figures are part of the mythmaking fabr ic that is common to all humans.If we are to believe Jung and Joseph Campbell’s theory of the Hero’s Journey, stories and myths are an intrinsic part of human development and evolution. They are a teaching tool, a way to warn each other of dangers and the simplest method of examining human behavior and better understanding one another.We’re not saying that these archetypes are embedded into human DNA: they are simply the character forms that have resonated most over the generations. What are character archetypes? And how can they help you? If myths and fireside stories were originally ways that people had to impart knowledge to society at large, then each of Jung’s archetypes might represent a different lesson: care for your children like a mother, be brave like a hero, be wary of tricksters posing as friends, and listen to your elders. The plot of Stephanie Meyer’s Twilight is nearly identical to Romeo and Juliet. Edward and Bella belong to the same archetype as those star-crossed lovers of Verona. The difference lies in the specifics: the way the characters speak, the Pacific Northwest setting, the fantastical conflict between vampires and werewolves. The book follows a similar narrative arc as Romeo and Juliet, but its fans certainly wouldn’t call it a ‘predictable retread of Shakespeare’s play.For authors, character archetypes are a useful concept to understand - if only to save you from tying yourself in knots, trying to create stories and characters completely unlike anything that’s come before. Every story has already been told, so focus on what matters most to readers: creating rich, specific worlds populated by people living specific lives, whose struggles are so grounded in realistic human behavior that their stories become universal -   no matter where the reader is fr om.What other character archetypes have we missed from this list? Drop them in the comments below along with your favorite example!

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Strategic management - Essay Example The beef rearing system is characterised by small farmers who mainly keep less that 10 beef cattle. Kapak should increase the number of retailers and expand own distribution network through Agra trading in order to reduce the bargaining power of the retailers. The company should also segment the market and build strategic partnerships with the farmers. The company can start beef cattle rearing in order to ensure a constant supply high quality beef cattle. In addition, Kapak must enter the emerging markets such as Middle East and South America in order to minimise competition in the saturated domestic and EU market. Table of contents page number 1.0. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 2.0. Business environment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 2.1. Pestle analysisâ₠¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 2.1.1. Political environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 2.1.2. Economic environment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 2.1.3. Social environment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 2.1.4. Technological environment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 2.1.5. Legal environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 2.1.6. ... Kapak’s Value chain†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 6.1. Beef cattle maturation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 6.2. Processing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 6.3. Distribution and marketing †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 6.4. Customer base†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 7.0. Strategy appraisal and recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 8.0. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 9.0. Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . 10 Introduction Kepak history dates back mid-1960s when Noel Keating established a retailer butcher’s business. Keating continued supplying wholesale beef to the food service sector in to the larger market. The retailer was selling beef under the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy and utilized export credit refunds for large supplies to Middle East and North Africa. The company currently operates nine manufacturing units in Ireland and UK and has employed more than 1,700 employees. In 2010, the company netted about US $ 1 billion in revenues and principal revenue generating activities were animal slaughter and sell of processed meat through the meat division (Bell, McLoughlin and Shelman, 2011, p. 4). The paper will discuss the business env ironment of Kapak, the current strategy, the value chain, and provide strategic recommendations for long-term success and profitability of Kapak. Business environment PESTLE Analysis Political environment The manager of Kepak Convenience Foods has often cited food safety as a major political concern. A major food and mouth

Claims for Damages in the Court of Appeal Case Study

Claims for Damages in the Court of Appeal - Case Study Example Secondary victims may successfully claim on the ground of pure physical injury as what happened in McLoughlin v O’Brian, where the Court held that secondary victims may claim on the ground of psychiatric injury in cases that the claimant is a close relative of the primary victim and the former was able to witness by reason of physical proximity which made witnessing or hearing the accident possible. In determining whether the present case will present positive prospects of recovery, the Court classified the appellants as to whether they could be secondary victims at the very least. The pivotal incident, in this case, was the shooting of Mr. Ashley, an incident that was not witnessed by the appellants. They were not, therefore, secondary victims. The psychiatric injury caused by that event upon the appellants was indirect and stemmed from the stress that the subsequent disciplinary and criminal proceedings that followed after it. The lower court, according to Lord Phillips, is not empowered to extend the law on negligence by accommodating the claims of the appellants. The case that the appellants relied upon, viz. Waters v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis is not applicable to the case at bar, according to Lord Phillips, because it contemplates of â€Å"bullying† in the workplace, which the employer failed to stop, and not a novel extension of the duty of care. In winding his discussion, Lord Phillips quoted Lord Steyn in the Frost.  case: â€Å"My Lords, the law on the recovery of compensation for pure psychiatric harm is a patchwork quilt of distinctions which are difficult to justify. [†¦] The only prudent course is to treat the pragmatic categories as reflected in authoritative decisions such as the Alcock case [1992] 1 AC 310 and Page v Smith [1996] AC 155 as settled for the time being, but by and large to leave any expansion or development in this corner of the law to Parliament.      

Perscription drug abuse Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Perscription drug abuse - Research Paper Example As far as the statistical figures are concerned, it is a grave situation and a growing problem. (Karla, 30) Experts still haven’t been able to figure out the actual reason behind this kind of drug abuse. The two likely possibilities may be that doctors prescribe more medicines for their patients than is actually required; secondly online purchase of medicines has made it easier and convenient for people to buy drugs especially for teenagers. Where some pharmacies follow the legitimate path and do not provide medicines without prescription, however some pharmacies distribute drugs without proper prescription, validation and verification making the drugs more approachable hence contributing towards this growing issue. Drug abuse does not only lead to addiction and instability it can also give rise to harmful chemical reactions which can occur in the body due to medicine intake in inappropriate quantity. To avoid this, all prescriptions should be obtained from one pharmacy so tha t minimum risk is involved secondly using others prescription should be strictly avoided even in cases of similar condition. (Jeremy, 25) Effects of Prescription Drug Abuse Prescription drug abuse affects different parts of the body which includes body, brain and physical appearance of the individual who is involved in drug abuse. Effects on Brain and Body The drugs that are directly related to the problem of drug abuse are opioids, CNS (central nervous system) stimulants depressants that are most commonly used to pacify and ease the nervous system in case of anxiety. Opioids are drugs that are used to relieve pain of both moderate as well as severe level. OxyContin and Vicodin fall in the category of opioids; these medicines attach themselves to the brain and body cells particularly the ones in the spinal cord, brain area and gastrointestinal zone making them numb so that the pain awareness is obstructed. These drugs can also raise the level of dope in the brain which gives a feeling of immense pleasure and in other cases where it is snorted by the abusers, intensifies the feeling of euphoria which can lead to severe medical consequences which includes nausea which consequently leads to vomiting, mood swings, decrease in the activities of brain, seizures, coma and numbness. Combination of opioids with alcohol and other CNS depressants can further aggravate the situation. (Rod, 56) Central nervous system depressants as the name indicates is used to treat anxiety, insomnia, feeling of fear or panic, severe stress responses and seizures. The medicin es that lie in this category are Valium, Xanax and Librium; they act directly on GABA, an acid which is present in the brain. GABA in turn retards the brain activity to some extent which is exactly why it is used to deal with problems of anxiety and sleep disorders. It pacifies the brain activity due to which the patients experience a soothing effect and drowsiness. However if this medicine is used in inappropriate amount and special care is not taken during its use can result in respiratory seizure which ultimately leads to death. Not only the abuse or overdose of depressants result in severe

Examining The Definition Of Western Orientalism Cultural Studies Essay

Examining The Definition Of Western Orientalism Cultural Studies Essay Orientalism transfigures the study of Middle East. Edward Said defines, Orientalism as the ethnocentric way Europe approaches the Asian regions.  Europeans looked upon the people of the Orient or the East and Arabic states as gullible and devoid of energy and initiative.   The invasion of European nations proved a radical decline in the natural prosperity of every nation they stumbled upon. The matters of the European sense of superiority and interest in control can also be seen in orientalist scholarship. Backward and barbaric, fundamentally incapable of social, political, or technological modernization, these were the descriptions of the non-western societies given to them by the people of west. Orientalism is the term that signifies the existing dislike and discrimination at the bottom of the political, economic, social and cultural discourses that were created to justify the imperialist Wests invasion and domination over the non-West. In other words, Orientalism was brought o ut as a matter of historical judgment. He illustrates Asian and Islamic Cultures during European imperialism and Europes goals of maintaining power and domination of non-Europeans.He argued that Europe used the Orient and imperialism as a symbol of its strength and superiority. Said suggested that Orientalists are treated as others-in this case, Muslims and Asians-and as objects defined not in terms of their own discourses, but solely in terms of standards and definitions imposed on them from outside. Among the influences underlying these definitions was, in Saids view, a long-standing Western concern with presenting Islam as opposed to Christianity. Said divided orientalism into two categories, one is the latent Orientalism which  is the unconscious, untouchable certainty about what the Orient is. Its basic content is static and unanimous. The Orient is seen as separate, eccentric, backward, silently different, sensual, and passive. It has a tendency towards despotism and away from progress. It displays feminine penetrability and supine malleability. Its progress and value are judged in terms of, and in comparison to, the West, so it is always the other, the conquerable, and the inferior whereas manifest Orientalism  is what is spoken and acted upon. It includes information and changes in knowledge about the Orient as well as policy decisions founded in Orientalist thinking. It is the expression in words and actions of Latent Orientalism. Any humanist would see that before the west intervened, each individual culture followed to their habitat, past experiences, and past knowledge.   Even though they were not modernized they still would have survived on their own just as they had been doing it for centuries.  Ã‚   However, a race of people could not be heartless enough to admit their destruction with a clear conscious and no remorse.   They would not pack their bags and leave a deserted crippled country. Orientalism and Western domination of the rest of the world. Understanding Orientalism is useful in the context of South Asia, as it enables us to understand the relationship between political hegemony and knowledge. Said says Orientalism exposes the European will to domination to create an orderly discipline of study a set of institutions, a latent vocabulary a subject matter, and subject races. It represents the power to make philological distinctions and the institutional force to make statements about Oriental mentality, the inscrutable Oriental, the unreliable and degenerate Oriental. The concept of Orientalism is useful in analysing prevailing literature, generalised and essentialised ideas such as Hinduism and Islam. It is also important in understanding womens movements and feminist discourses in South Asia. Many South Asian women used the criticism of Orientalism to criticise literature, imaginations and situations affecting women. Yet, the idea of Orientalism and the Western imagery of the Orient can be used ideologically by extremis t nationalists and fundamentalists who suppress the freedom of thought under the pretence of defending the Orient and fighting with the West. Misunderstanding the project of Orientalism may increase hostility between people and glorify myths such as West and Orient. It is no longer desirable, in our globalised world, to say that only South Asians can talk about South Asia, or only Hindu can talk about Hinduism and explain Indian religious traditions. For example, Tibetan Buddhism was scorned again during the Victorian period, when Buddhist studies were growing into an academic discipline. As depicted by Prof Lopez, The nineteenth-century constructions of Tibetan Buddhism are part of the heritage of Orientalism, described by Edward Said as a European mode for gaining authority over the Orient, a mode whereby Orientals were controlledpolitically and epistemologicallyby scholars in Europe and colonial officials in Asia. An important part of this scholarship was the self-aggrandizing ab ility of European scholars to write histories of Oriental civilizations that identified their origins, their classical periods, and their decline. The last of these (also called the modern period) was marked by decay and impotence. The modern period was also contemporaneous with European colonialism, one of whose products for the West was knowledge about the East. According to the exponents of this new field of knowledge, the facts and artefacts of the classical period were rescued by the emergent Western scholarship from the custody of the Orientals, who failed to recognize them for what they were and hence lost any right to them. The Orientalist would henceforth speak for the Oriental through heredity of scholarship whose task it was to represent the Orient because the Orient was incapable of representing itself. This representation of the East by the West carried with it the valuation of what was true and what was false, what was worthy and what was worthless. Furthermore, accord ing to Edward Saids  Orientalism, the texts produced by European Orientalists had the power to create not only knowledge but also the very reality they appear to define by delimiting the object of knowledge. Said argues that Orientalism also had more directly political effects: its representations of the Orient provided a justification for imperialism and a foundation for colonial policies and institutions. (Prof Donald S. Lopez Jr, 1994) Iraq is the ultimate illustration of how Orientalist conventional wisdom had it wrong.   Arguing that this Orientalism has driven America to contempt and discriminate against the Orient, and eventually to invade Afghanistan and Iraq as well as arousing certain public opinion against North Korea, may be criticized for its ignorance or exaggeration, especially when the world has observed the events of September attack (9/11) and the North Korean nuclear weapon issue.During the past two centuries Europe has ideologically constituted Asia in relation to itself with the purpose of putting its hand in it. In the past decade, Asian music and culture has spread throughout the West like poppies. The problem is that this Orientalism is still present, long after the imperialist invasions. Bushs policies are the evidence for the existence of Orientalism. The Bush administration invaded Iraq claiming that Iraq had Weapon of Mass destruction (WMD) and that Saddam Hussein was an unforgivable dict ator. As the supposed Weapon of mass destruction (WMD) have not yet been found and as Hussein was the representative of Iraq, chosen by its people, it is natural that the Iraqi people pronounce curse against Bush. With the amount of west intervention in Iraq, it was not possible for the US military force to occupy Iraq forever. During the Bush administration, he announced that the US military force will be withdrawn upon the establishment of a democratic government in Iraq, the US will probably still try to dominate Iraq in one way or another as long as they have an oil interest in Iraq. Their dominance, however, will not last for long, and the US army cannot help but leave Iraq. This is just a matter of time. Americans or people in the world felt over 9/11 attack. Nobody can deny that 9/11 was an atrocity that aroused anger around the world. The world, however, is aware that the broad antagonism of the west especially Americans against the Arab world was one of the main causes of 9 /11, and that the terrorist Bin Laden himself was, in the past nurtured by the US to fight against the USSR. In other words, 9/11 was a trap set by the US themselves then. The war in Iraq, perceptions have proven particularly relevant to the conduct of military operations. However, because Western outlook of this critical region, and forming the personal collection of most Westerners, are predetermined by each individuals experience within his/her culture. This experience is mostly shaped by the images, ideas and impressions retained from exposure to popular culture, media and more or less elaborate programmes or readings, and depending on ones educational accomplishments, personal or professional interests. The common characteristic between all these individual experiences, as far as the Middle-East is concerned, is that they are all immersed in a predominant consensus or discourse about the representation of this critical region of the world. Likewise, the launch of the Arabic lan guage Al-Jazeera satellite channel nearly ten years ago, transformed the television landscape in the Middle East. And over the past three years the channel has gained global reputation and became a name which governments and decision-makers across the world can hardly ignore. Even, In  The Lord of the Rings  film trilogy, the costumes of the Haradrims, a human race who allies itself with the enemy, are Middle-Eastern in style. When children are fed this kind of negative bias against the Middle-East, the subliminal cultural consciousness of whole generations is enduringly and profoundly impacted. The normality of such bad depictions clearly illustrates what several Western intellectuals qualify at best as acceptable political in correctness directed against Middle-Easterner The war declared on terrorism after the massacre of 9/11 in New York, with the subsequent military operations in Afghanistan and in Iraq, revives this tradition of improving interventionism by carrying on the old orientalist-related topic. Far from destroying the Great Divide between the West and the Rest, the wars of a new type support and separate the division between civilized and barbaric in the era of globalization. The explanation of ideology of the American, according to which there would no longer be outside or inside, because no country would now be released from terrorism. What now prevails is a sober vision of globalization, that of a fight to the death between two worlds, extending over all continents, between America, and the Islamic terrorism. But this originality goes back to schemes that are as old as the United States itself, insofar as this self-proclaimed exceptional, autonomous and providential imperial republic has an idealistic or ideal component qualified as es sential. Edward Said also refers to the medias ability to control and filter information as an invisible screen, releasing what it wants people to know and blacking out what it does not want them to know. To accomplish his goal Said sets up a methodological argument within which he addresses three main concepts. First, that imperialism is not about a specific moment in history, but rather a continuing interdependent dialogue between subject peoples and the dominant hegemony of the empire. Secondly, through the production of popular western literature authors have maintained a sense of continued supremacy upon subject peoples. This theorization that postcolonial domination has been institutionalized within western literature is a reference to the idea of a continuing interchange of ideas between dominant culture and oppressed peoples. Lastly, Saids comparison of colonialism to racism is integral to his argument about the continuation of oppression in a postcolonial environment. Throughout his analysis of culture, he focuses on the limitations of subjugated peoples within western culture and the reasons for their continued oppression. In Covering Islam (1997), Said postulates that, if knowledge is power, those who control the modern Western media (visual and print) are most powerful because they are able to determine what people like or dislike, what they wear and how they wear it, and what they should know and must not know about themselves. Said claims that untruth and falsehood about Islam and the Muslim world are consistently propagated in the media, in the name of objectivity, liberalism, freedom, democracy and progress Conclusion In this contemporary world, there is at least more than fifty percent intervention of the west towards the rest of the world. Edward Said argues in Orientalism, his landmark 1978 study of the relationship between the production of knowledge and the exercise of imperial power, the attitudes and images created by this tradition compose a closely bound system of created knowledge, of willed human work, about the Eastern other which the imperial powers of Europe and North America have historically used to invite and justify political and economic intervention and imperialism. Critics who have studied Orientalism in Europe, especially in nineteenth-century literature, have pointed out that there is much that can be learned about the Wests image of itself through the way Western writers have depicted the Orient. The influential popular magazine, The National Geographic, established in 1988 used to represent a window on the world for millions of middle class Americans at a time when movies and televisions were either not yet invented or in their infancy. The plain picturesque coverage of the Middle-East, by this magazine, showed the Arabs as exotic Orientals Mass media and movie industry developed throughout the twentieth century to become the main spreader of information, images and attitudes about the region to the public at large. The Arab Muslim progressively became a figure in American popular culture. No one can deny that orientalism has made great contributions to the study of Arab culture and history, and to the religion of Islam. Orientalists were and still are standing as experts in Arab-Islamic culture. They accumulated very rich knowledge and experience in this field of inquiry. In fact they made tremendous contribution to research, translation, and ultimately to the preservation and indexing of Arab-Islamic heritage.

Dr Seuss’ Horton Hears A Who and Yertle the Turtle and Other Stories Es

Everyone is Important in Dr Seuss’ Horton Hears A Who and Yertle the Turtle and Other Stories In many of Dr Seuss’ children’s books, a character is struggling to get his voice heard. For example, in Horton Hears A Who and Yertle the Turtle and Other Stories, there are characters that couldn’t get anyone to listen to what they have to say. These characters teach us that no matter how big or small, everyone is important. Horton had thought he heard a sound but didn’t see anyone. Nearby was a very tiny speck of dust flying aimlessly throughout the air. Horton realized that someone must be living on that speck of dust! He immediately takes action and makes up his mind that he is going to save this person because, â€Å"a person’s a person, no matter how small.† (6) No one else would believe him though. Horton knew what he had heard but didn’t know how to get the others to believe what he had to say. One of the most important lessons throughout the entire book is that Horton didn’t give up on the Who’s even though everyone thought he was crazy. The little town of Who’s were counting o...

Challenges Facing International Hr

60 HR Predictions for 2008 By Floyd Kemske The top 10 predictions in Workplace Flexibility, Global Business, Work and Society, Workforce Development, Definition of Jobs, and Strategic Role of HR. Workplace Flexibility Collaborative cultures will be the workplace model. Creative employment contracts will support more time off, flexibility in hours and work location, technological job aids and more pay at risk with significant upside potential. Company intranets will become a major tool for communication, training and benefits administration; HR will play a leading role in developing this important tool. Intelligence through knowledge transfer capability will separate the best employees from the rest. Employees will have more and more choices about work arrangements, allowing them to meet their individual needs. Work hours scheduling will become less important as organizations focus on performance and results. Company facilities will become â€Å"virtual† through work-at-home, telecommuting and outsourcing. The workweek will be less structured—employees will still work 40-plus hours, but at varied times and places other than the office. Legislation will lead to greater portability of health, welfare and retirement benefits. Free-lance teams of generic problem solvers will market themselves as alternatives to permanent workers or individual temps. Global Business The role of corporate HR will change to that of creator of overall values and direction, and will be implemented by local HR departments in different countries. Technology, especially the Internet, will enable more businesses to enter the global marketplace. HR professionals will have advanced acumen in international business practices, international labor laws, multicultural sensitivities and multiple languages. HR professionals will need to be knowledgeable of ther cultures, languages and business practices to help their companies find and enter more markets. HR people will have to understand other cultures and help people work with, and transfer among, various cultures. Megaglobal business alliances will grow in number and scope, requiring great finesse on the part of the HR professional. There will be an explosive growth of companies doing b usiness across borders, and it will be the most significant change for the economy in modern times. Cultural understanding and sensitivity will become much more important for the HR professional of the future, whereas multiple language ability isn’t going o become a necessary competency. The continued emergence of a world marketplace will require development of an international workforce. Small teams of HR professionals will focus on providing performance improvement consulting services to a variety of locations around the world. Work and Society Family and life interests will play a more prevalent role in people’s lives and a greater factor in people’s choices about work—there will be more of a â€Å"work to live† than a â€Å"live to work† mentality. Employees will demand increases in workplace flexibility to pursue life interests. Dual-career couples will refuse to make the sacrifices equired today in their family lives and more people (n ot just women) will opt out of traditional careers. Families will return to the center of society; work will serve as a source of cultural connections and peripheral friendships. Workers will continue to struggle with their need for work/ life balance, and it will get worse. Integration of work with quality-of-life initiatives will create solutions to problems formerly seen as the responsibility of government. Community involvement and social responsibility will become part of an organization’s business vision. â€Å"Cocooning† will become more popular as workers look o their homes for refuge from the pressures of a more competitive workplace and depersonalized society. Just as defined-contribution plans have begun to take over from Social Security, companies will take on responsibility for elder care, long-term care and other social needs through cafeteria-style benefits programs. Those people who refuse or are unable to adapt to new technologies will find theyâ€℠¢re working harder and accomplishing less. Workforce Development Lifelong learning will be a requirement. The focus of training/learning activities will be on performance improvement and not just on skill uilding. Employees with varied skills and competencies will be valued more highly than those with a depth of expertise in a single area. Problem solving and decision making will become a required curriculum with practical work problems as the training medium. Training will be delivered â€Å"just in time,† wherever people need it, using a variety of technologies. Companies will demand constant personal growth, and employees will respond positively to higher expectations. It will not be possible to survive in the workplace without basic computer skills. People who can learn new skills/competencies quickly ill be highly valued in a faster changing world. Team projects and special assignments will be a major factor in personal development. As the computer-savvy generation is mo re assimilated into the workforce, employees will become much more productive in complex tasks and less dependent on other people and departments. Definition of Jobs Organizations won’t pay for the value of the job but for the value of the person. Versatility will be the key factor in determining employee value with strategic thinking, leadership, problem solving, technology and people skills close behind. Compensation systems will be linked to business utcomes. All jobs will require higher levels of computer skills. Positions will be organized in teams focused on a task, not organized around a hierarchy. Positions will be defined by the competencies needed to be performed. Employees will be more independent, moving from project to project within their organizations. Many jobs will be redesigned to be much broader in scope, especially in management positions, resulting in leaner head counts. Employees will be increasingly measured by how much value they contribute to the busi ness, not by whether they fulfilled predetermined objectives. Work will be more challenging, and jobs will become increasingly complex. Strategic Role of HR Successful HR departments will focus on organizational performance. HR’s value will be to have the right people ready at the right time: recruiting leaders to join the company’s mix of talent and keeping the â€Å"bench† full of enabled, competent workers. The focus of the HR function will be human capital development and organizational productivity; HR may be renamed to reflect this. HR will evolve from strategic business partnership to strategic business leadership (driving change and results, not just monitoring them). A key HR role in the future will be multidisciplinary consulting around individual, team, business unit and corporate performance. Managers will grow to depend more and more on HR professionals as they realize that good people management can be the strategic advantage in the next decade. Leading change will become HR’s greatest contribution to the corporation. More and more businesses will use HR as a strategic partner. HR will have a â€Å"seat at the table† as part of the top management team and report directly to the CEO in most companies. A key HR role will be managing increasingly scarce human and intellectual capital