DIFFERENCES IN THE SOCIETIES essays

DIFFERENCES IN THE SOCIETIES essays The New England and Chesapeake regions of the United States had evolved into two very distinct societies. However, the settlers all came from common English origins. There are several reasons for this clear difference. Beginning with the settlement of the regions, the differences became apparent. Geography and priorities separated the societies, as well as those that populated them. To begin with, the groups left England for very different reasons. New England was largely settled by Puritans. They planned to create in America a society on a hill. A beacon of shining light to England. By stretching their covenant with England, they wished to make an example in America of the way England should be. As John Winthrop, the first governor of Massachusetts, wrote; We must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us, so that if we shall deal falsely with God in this work we have undertaken...we shall be made a story and a by-word throughout the world (Document A). The New England Puritans wished not to start a whole new society as much as to create a utopian society for England to convert into. The Chesapeake area was settled for a much different reason. The settlers in the southern region of America wished to separate from England and begin a new society. Many of the settlers came because they believed that there were riches to be found in the area; namely gold. As Captain John Smith wrote in the History of Virginia, ...among us were the gold seekers who with their golden promises made all men their slaves in hope of recompenses. There was no talk...but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold. (Document F). The settlers in the south wished to farm and raise animals as well. In other words, while the settlers in New England were religious leaders who wished to gain political and religious freedom, the Chesapeak...

How to Avoid Burying the Lede of Your News Story

How to Avoid Burying the Lede of Your News Story Every semester I give students a news writing exercise from my book about a doctor who is giving a speech about fad diets and physical fitness to a group of local businesspeople. Midway through his speech, the good doctor collapses of a heart attack. He dies en route to the hospital. The news of the story may seem obvious, but a few of my students will invariably write a lede that goes something like this: Dr. Wiley Perkins gave a speech to a group of businesspeople yesterday about the problems with fad diets. Whats the problem? The writer has left the most important and newsworthy aspect of the story - the fact that the doctor died of a heart attack - out of the lede. Typically the student who does this will put the heart attack somewhere near the end of the story. Thats called burying the lede, and its something that beginning journalists have done for eons. Its something that drives editors absolutely nuts. So how can you avoid burying the lede of your next news story? Here are some tips: Think about whats most important and newsworthy: When you cover an event, think about what part of it, whether its a press conference, lecture, legislative hearing or city council meeting, is likely to be the most newsworthy. What happened that will affect the greatest number of your readers? Chances are thats what should be in the lede.Think about what you find most interesting: If youre hard-pressed to figure out whats most newsworthy, think about what YOU found most interesting. Experienced reporters know that all people are basically the same, meaning we generally find the same things interesting. (Example: Who doesnt slow down to gawk at a car wreck on the highway?) If you find something interesting, chances are your readers will as well, meaning it should be in your lede.Forget chronology: Too many beginning reporters write about events in the order in which they occurred. So if theyre covering a school board meeting, theyll start their story with the fact that the board began by reciting the pledge of allegiance. But no one cares about that; people reading your story want to know what the board did. So dont worry about the order of events; put the most newsworthy parts of the meeting at the top of your story, even if they occurred midway through or at the end. Focus on actions: If youre covering a meeting, such as a city council or school board hearing, youre going to hear lots of talks. Thats what elected officials do. But think about what actions were taken during the meeting. What concrete resolutions or measures were passed that will affect your readers? Remember the old saying: Actions speak louder than words. And in a news story, actions generally should go in the lede.Remember the inverted pyramid: The inverted pyramid, the format for news stories, represents the idea that the heaviest, or most important, news in a story goes at the very top, while the most lightweight, or least important news, goes at the bottom. Apply that to the event youre covering and itll probably help you find your lede.Look for the unexpected: Remember that news by its very nature is usually the unexpected occurrence, the deviation from the norm. (Example: Its not news if a plane lands safely at the airport, but its definitely news if it crashes on the tarma c.) So apply that to the event youre covering. Did anything happen that those present didnt expect or plan on? What came as a surprise or even a shock? Chances are, if something out of the ordinary happened, it should be in your lede. Like when a doctor has a heart attack in the middle of a speech.